[Jump to content](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#bodyContent>) Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation * [Main page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Visit the main page \[z\]") * [Contents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Guides to browsing Wikipedia") * [Current events](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Articles related to current events") * [Random article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Visit a randomly selected article \[x\]") * [About Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Learn about Wikipedia and how it works") * [Contact us](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "How to contact Wikipedia") Contribute * [Help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia") * [Learn to edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Learn how to edit Wikipedia") * [Community portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "The hub for editors") * [Recent changes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "A list of recent changes to Wikipedia \[r\]") * [Upload file](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia") * [Special pages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) [ ![](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png) ![Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg) ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) [ Search ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Search Wikipedia \[f\]") Search Appearance * [Donate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) * [Create account](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory") * [Log in](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. \[o\]") Personal tools * [Donate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) * [ Create account](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory") * [ Log in](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. \[o\]") Pages for logged out editors [learn more](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) * [Contributions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "A list of edits made from this IP address \[y\]") * [Talk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Discussion about edits from this IP address \[n\]") ## Contents move to sidebar hide * [ (Top) ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#>) * [ 1 Legend ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#Legend>) * [ 2 History ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#History>) * [ 3 Geography ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#Geography>) * [ 4 Demographics ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#Demographics>) * [ 5 Municipal Administration and politics ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#Municipal_Administration_and_politics>) * [ 6 Economy ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#Economy>) * [ 7 Transport and communication ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#Transport_and_communication>) * [ 8 Education and utility services ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#Education_and_utility_services>) * [ 9 Tourism ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#Tourism>) Toggle Tourism subsection * [ 9.1 Ramanathaswamy Temple ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#Ramanathaswamy_Temple>) * [ 9.2 Temple tanks ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#Temple_tanks>) * [ 9.3 Gandhamathana Parvatham ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#Gandhamathana_Parvatham>) * [ 9.4 Dhanushkodi ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#Dhanushkodi>) * [ 9.5 Hindu pilgrimage ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#Hindu_pilgrimage>) * [ 10 Interaction with Sri Lanka ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#Interaction_with_Sri_Lanka>) Toggle Interaction with Sri Lanka subsection * [ 10.1 Sri Lankan Tamil refugees ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#Sri_Lankan_Tamil_refugees>) * [ 10.2 Rameswaram fishery ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#Rameswaram_fishery>) * [ 10.3 Kachchatheevu ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#Kachchatheevu>) * [ 10.4 Sethusamudram Canal Project ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#Sethusamudram_Canal_Project>) * [ 11 Notable people ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#Notable_people>) * [ 12 See also ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#See_also>) * [ 13 Footnotes ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#Footnotes>) * [ 14 References ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#References>) * [ 15 External links ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#External_links>) Toggle the table of contents # Rameswaram 48 languages * [العربية](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "رامسوارام – Arabic") * [অসমীয়া](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ৰামেশ্বৰম – Assamese") * [বাংলা](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "রামেশ্বরম – Bangla") * [閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gí](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rameswaram \(Ramanathapuram\) – Minnan") * [भोजपुरी](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "रामेश्वरम नगर – Bhojpuri") * [Català](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rameswaram – Catalan") * [Cebuano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rameswaram \(lungsod sa Indiya\) – Cebuano") * [Deutsch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rameswaram – German") * [Eesti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rāmeswaram – Estonian") * [Español](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rameswaram – Spanish") * [فارسی](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "رامشوارام – Persian") * [Français](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rameswaram – French") * [ગુજરાતી](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "રામેશ્વરમ – Gujarati") * [한국어](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "라메스와람 – Korean") * [हिन्दी](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "रामेश्वरम शहर – Hindi") * [বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "রামেশ্বরম – Bishnupriya") * [Italiano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rameswaram – Italian") * [ಕನ್ನಡ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ರಾಮೇಶ್ವರಮ್ – Kannada") * [Kapampangan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rameswaram – Pampanga") * [Ladin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rameswaram – Ladin") * [Lietuvių](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ramešvaramas – Lithuanian") * [Magyar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rámesvaram – Hungarian") * [Malagasy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rameswaram – Malagasy") * [മലയാളം](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "രാമേശ്വരം – Malayalam") * [मराठी](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "रामेश्वरम – Marathi") * [مصرى](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "راميشورم – Egyptian Arabic") * [Bahasa Melayu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rameswaram, Ramanathapuram – Malay") * [ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ꯔꯥꯃꯦꯁ꯭ꯋꯔꯝ – Manipuri") * [Nederlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rameswaram \(Ramanathapuram\) – Dutch") * [日本語](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ラーメーシュワラム – Japanese") * [Norsk bokmål](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rameshwaram – Norwegian Bokmål") * [ଓଡ଼ିଆ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ରାମେଶ୍ୱରମ – Odia") * [ਪੰਜਾਬੀ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ਰਾਮੇਸ਼੍ਵਰਮ – Punjabi") * [پنجابی](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "رامیشورم – Western Punjabi") * [Polski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rameswaram – Polish") * [Português](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rameswaram – Portuguese") * [Русский](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Рамешварам – Russian") * [සිංහල](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "රාමේෂ්වරම් – Sinhala") * [Simple English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rameswaram – Simple English") * [Suomi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rameswaram – Finnish") * [Svenska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rameswaram \(ort i Indien\) – Swedish") * [தமிழ்](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "இராமேசுவரம் – Tamil") * [తెలుగు](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "రామేశ్వరం – Telugu") * [ไทย](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ราเมศวรัม – Thai") * [Українська](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Рамешварам – Ukrainian") * [اردو](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "رامیشورم – Urdu") * [Tiếng Việt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rameswaram – Vietnamese") * [中文](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "拉梅斯沃勒姆 \(泰米尔纳德邦\) – Chinese") [Edit links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit interlanguage links") * [Article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "View the content page \[c\]") * [Talk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Discuss improvements to the content page \[t\]") English * [Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) * [Edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit this page \[e\]") * [View history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Past revisions of this page \[h\]") Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions * [Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) * [Edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit this page \[e\]") * [View history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) General * [What links here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page \[j\]") * [Related changes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Recent changes in pages linked from this page \[k\]") * [Upload file](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Upload files \[u\]") * [Permanent link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Permanent link to this revision of this page") * [Page information](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "More information about this page") * [Cite this page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Information on how to cite this page") * [Get shortened URL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) * [Download QR code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) Print/export * [Download as PDF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Download this page as a PDF file") * [Printable version](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Printable version of this page \[p\]") In other projects * [Wikimedia Commons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) * [Wikivoyage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) * [Wikidata item](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata \[g\]") Appearance move to sidebar hide [Coordinates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Geographic coordinate system"): [9°17′17″N 79°18′47″E / 9.288°N 79.313°E / 9.288; 79.313](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) [![This is a good article. Click here for more information.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/20px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "This is a good article. Click here for more information.") From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Pilgrimage centre and a town in Tamil Nadu, India This article is about the temple town. For main temple, see [Ramanathaswamy Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ramanathaswamy Temple"). For other uses, see [Rameswaram (disambiguation)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rameswaram \(disambiguation\)"). Town in Tamil Nadu, India Rameswaram இராமேஸ்வரம் --- Town [![Montage image showing temple, bridge, and fishing boats top to bottom.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Rameswaram_montage_image.jpg/250px-Rameswaram_montage_image.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "From top: Ramanathaswamy Temple tower, Pamban Bridge, and a set of fishing boats.")From top: Ramanathaswamy Temple tower, [Pamban Bridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pamban Bridge"), and a set of fishing boats. Nickname(s): Rameswaram, Ramesvaram, Rameshwaram [![Rameswaram is located in Tamil Nadu](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/India_Tamil_Nadu_location_map.svg/250px-India_Tamil_Nadu_location_map.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rameswaram is located in Tamil Nadu")![Rameswaram](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png)RameswaramShow map of Tamil Nadu[![Rameswaram is located in India](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/250px-India_location_map.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rameswaram is located in India")![Rameswaram](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png)RameswaramShow map of India Coordinates: [9°17′17″N 79°18′47″E / 9.288°N 79.313°E / 9.288; 79.313](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) [Country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "List of sovereign states")| India [State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "States and union territories of India")| [Tamil Nadu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tamil Nadu") [District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "List of districts of India")| [Ramanathapuram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ramanathapuram district") Government • Type| Selection Grade Municipality • Body| Municipality of Rameswaram Area • Total| 55 km2 (21 sq mi) Elevation| 10 m (33 ft) Population(2011) • Total| 44,856 • Density| 820/km2 (2,100/sq mi) [Demonym](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Demonym")| Rameswaram mar Language • Official| [Tamil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tamil language") [Time zone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Time zone")| [UTC+5:30](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "UTC+5:30") ([IST](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Indian Standard Time")) PIN CODE| 623526 [Vehicle registration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Vehicle registration plate")| TN 65 **Rameswaram** (IPA: [[ɾaːmeːsʋaɾam]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Help:IPA/Tamil"); also transliterated as **Ramesvaram** , **Rameshwaram**) is a municipality in the [Ramanathapuram district](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ramanathapuram district") of the [Indian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "India") [state](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "States and union territories of India") of [Tamil Nadu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tamil Nadu"). It is on [Pamban Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pamban Island") separated from mainland India by the [Pamban channel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pamban channel") and is about 40 kilometres (25 mi) from [Mannar Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Mannar Island"), Sri Lanka. It is in the [Gulf of Mannar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Gulf of Mannar"), at the tip of the Indian peninsula.[[1]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-1>) Pamban Island, also known as Rameswaram Island, is connected to mainland India by the [New Pamban Bridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "New Pamban Bridge"). Rameswaram is the terminus of the railway line from [Chennai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Chennai") and [Madurai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Madurai"). Together with [Varanasi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Varanasi"), it is considered[_[by whom?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch")_] to be one of the holiest places in India for [Hindus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Hindus") and is part of the [Char Dham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Char Dham") pilgrimage.[_[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_] According to the [Ramayana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ramayana"), [Rama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rama") is described to have built a [bridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Adam's Bridge") from the vicinity of this town across the sea to [Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Lanka") to rescue his wife [Sita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sita") from her abductor [Ravana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ravana"). The temple, dedicated to the Hindu god [Shiva](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Shiva"), is at the centre of the town and is closely associated with Rama and Shiva. The temple and the town are considered a holy pilgrimage site for [Shaivas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Shaivism") and [Vaishnavas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Vaishnavas").[[2]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGibson200242-2>)[[3]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAyyar1991492–495-3>) Rameswaram is the second closest point from which to reach Sri Lanka from India and geological evidence suggests that the [Rama Sethu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rama Sethu") was a former land connection between India and Sri Lanka.[[4]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-4>) The town has been in the news in the past due to controversies such as the [Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project"), [Kachchatheevu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kachchatheevu"), [Sri Lankan Tamil refugees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sri Lankan Tamils") and the capturing of local fishermen for alleged cross-border activities by Sri Lankan Forces.[[5]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Sunday_Observer''13_May_2012-5>) Rameswaram is administered by a municipality established in 1994. The town covers an area of 53 km2 (20 sq mi) and had a population of 44,856 as of 2011. Tourism and fishery employ the majority of workforce in Rameswaram.[_[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_] ## Legend [[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit section: Legend")] [![Rameswaram is located in India](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/330px-India_location_map.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rameswaram is located in India") ![Badrinath](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png) [Badrinath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Badrinath") ![Dwarka](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png) [Dwarka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Dwarka") ![Jagannath Puri](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png) [Jagannath Puri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Jagannath Puri") ![Rameswaram](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png) Rameswaram [class=notpageimage| ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "File:India location map.svg") **Char Dham** Rameswaram means "Lord of Rama" (_Rāma-īśvaram_) in [Sanskrit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sanskrit"), an epithet of [Shiva](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Shiva"), the presiding deity of the Ramanathaswamy Temple.[[6]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTECaldwell188121-6>) According to Hindu epic _[Ramayana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ramayana")_ , [Rama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rama"), the seventh [avatar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Avatar") of the god [Vishnu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Vishnu"), prayed to Shiva here to absolve any sins that he might have committed during his war against the demon-king Ravana in Sri Lanka.[[7]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_SilvaBeumer1988291-7>)[[3]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAyyar1991492–495-3>) According to the _[Puranas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Puranas")_ (Hindu scriptures), upon the advice of [sages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rishi"), Rama, along with his wife [Sita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sita") and his brother [Lakshmana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Lakshmana"), installed and worshipped the [lingam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Lingam") (an iconic symbol of Shiva) here to expiate the sin of _[Brahmahatya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Brahmahatya")_ incurred while killing of the [Brahmin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Brahmin") Ravana.[[8]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMukundan199223-8>) To worship Shiva, Rama wanted to have a lingam and directed his trusted lieutenant [Hanuman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Hanuman") to bring it from [Himalayas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Himalayas").[[9]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2009443-9>)[[3]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAyyar1991492–495-3>) Since it took longer to bring the lingam, Sita built a lingam made of sand from the nearby seashore, which is also believed to be the one in the sanctum of the temple.[[9]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2009443-9>) Sethu Karai is a place 22 km (14 mi) before the island of Rameswaram from where Rama is believed to have built a floating stone bridge, the Ramsetu bridge, that further continued to Dhanushkodi in Rameswaram till Talaimannar in Sri Lanka.[[7]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_SilvaBeumer1988291-7>)[[10]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuruge199168-10>) According to another version, as quoted in _[Adhyatma Ramayana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Adhyatma Ramayana")_ , Rama installed the lingam before the construction of the bridge to Lanka.[[11]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBajpai2002482–485-11>)[[12]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''3_November_2011-12>)[[13]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOhja201717-13>)[[14]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodiya2001227-14>) ## History [[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit section: History")] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Vijaya_Raghunatha_Sethupathi_I_court.png/250px-Vijaya_Raghunatha_Sethupathi_I_court.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/)Court of Vijaya [Raghunatha Sethupathi I](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi I") The history of Rameswaram is centred around the island being a transit point to reach Sri Lanka (Ceylon historically) and the presence of Ramanathaswamy Temple. _[Tevaram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Thevaram")_ , the 7th–8th century Tamil compositions on Shiva by the three prominent [Nayanars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Nayanars") (_[Shaivites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Shaivism")_) namely [Appar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Appar"),[[15]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThirunavukkarasar200418–19-15>) [Sundarar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sundarar") and [Sambandar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sambandar").[[16]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTETirugnanasambandar2004102–103-16>) The Chola king [Rajendra Chola I](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rajendra Chola I") (1012–1040 CE) had a control of the town for a short period.[[17]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamanathapuram_district_history2011-17>) The [Jaffna kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Jaffna kingdom") (1215–1624 CE) had close connections with the island and claimed the title _Setukavalan_ meaning custodians of the Rameswaram.[[18]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunasingam199963-18>) Hinduism was their state religion and they made generous contribution to the temple.[[18]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunasingam199963-18>) _Setu_ was used in their coins as well as in inscriptions as marker of the dynasty.[[18]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunasingam199963-18>) According to Firishta, [Malik Kafur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Malik Kafur"), the head general of [Alauddin Khalji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Alauddin Khalji"), the ruler of [Delhi Sultanate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Delhi Sultanate"), reached Rameswaram during his political campaign in spite of stiff resistance from the [Pandyan princes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pandya dynasty") in the early 14th century.[[19]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMehta1986157-19>)[[20]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharonBosworthDozelB.1987271-20>)[[21]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAiyangar1991112-21>) He erected a mosque by name Alia al-Din Khaldji in honour of victory of [Islam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Islam").[[19]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMehta1986157-19>)[[20]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharonBosworthDozelB.1987271-20>) The records left by the court historians of the Delhi Sultanate state that Malik Kafur raided [Madurai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Madurai"), [Chidambaram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Chidambaram"), [Srirangam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Srirangam"), [Vriddhachalam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Vriddhachalam"), Rameswaram and other sacred temple towns, destroyed the temples which were sources of gold and jewels. He brought back enormous loot from Dwarasamudra and the Pandya kingdom to [Delhi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Delhi") in 1311.[[22]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-Ernst2004p109-22>)[[23]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-23>)[[24]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-Eraly2015chid-24>) During the early 15th century, the present-day Ramanathapuram, Kamuthi and Rameswaram were included in the Pandya dynasty.[[17]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamanathapuram_district_history2011-17>) In 1520 CE, the town came under the rule of [Vijayanagara Empire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Vijayanagara Empire").[[17]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamanathapuram_district_history2011-17>) The Sethupathis, the breakaway from [Madurai Nayaks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Madurai Nayaks"), ruled Ramanathapuram and contributed to the Ramanathaswamy temple.[[17]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamanathapuram_district_history2011-17>)[[3]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAyyar1991492–495-3>) The most notable of them are the contributions of Muthu Kumara Ragunatha and Muthu Ramalinga Sethupathi, who transformed the temple to an architectural ensemble.[[25]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichell1995116-25>) The region then fell under the rule of different leaders [Chanda Sahib](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Chanda Sahib") (1740–1754 CE), [Arcot Nawab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Nawab of the Carnatic") and [Muhammed Yusuf Khan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Muhammed Yusuf Khan") (1725–1764 CE) in the middle of the 18th century.[[26]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarman199230–36-26>) In 1795 CE, Rameswaram came under the direct control of the [British East India Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "British East India Company") and was annexed to the [Madras Presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Madras Presidency"). After 1947, the town became a part of independent India.[[17]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamanathapuram_district_history2011-17>) ## Geography [[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit section: Geography")] [![Dhanushkodi island among blue waters of Bay of Bengal.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Final_Dhanush_002.jpg/250px-Final_Dhanush_002.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/)An aerial view of Dhanushkodi, at the tip of Rameswaram Rameswaram has an average elevation of 10 m (33 ft). The island is spread across an area of 61.8 km2 (23.9 sq mi) and is in the shape of a conch. 74% of the area has sandy soil due to the presence of sea and it has many islands surrounding it, the [Palk Strait](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Palk Strait") in the north west and Gulf of Mannar in the south East.[[27]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200933-27>) The Ramanathaswamy Temple occupies major area of Rameswaram. The beach of Rameswaram is featured with no waves at all – the sea waves rise to a maximum height of 3 cm (0.10 ft) and the view looks like a very big river.[[28]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-28>)[_[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_] Rameswaram has dry tropical climate with low humidity,[[27]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200933-27>) with average monthly rainfall of 75.73 mm (2.981 in),[[27]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200933-27>) mostly from [North-East monsoon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Monsoon") from October to January. The highest ever temperature recorded at Pamban station was 37 °C (99 °F) and the lowest was 17 °C (63 °F).[[29]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeather_Base2006-29>) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Adams_bridge_map.png/500px-Adams_bridge_map.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/)Map of Ramsetu's Bridge (a chain of limestone shoals) and environs, before the cyclone of 1964. Ramsetu Bridge is a chain of [limestone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Limestone") [shoals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Shoal"), between Rameswaram and Mannar Island, off the northwestern coast of Sri Lanka. Geological evidence suggests that this bridge is a former land connection between India and Sri Lanka.[[30]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEncyclopædia_Britannica2007-30>) The bridge is 29 km (18 mi) long and separates the Gulf of Mannar (North-East) from the Palk Strait (South-West). It was reportedly passable on foot up to the 15th century until storms deepened the channel. The temple records record that Rama's Bridge was completely above sea level until it broke in a cyclone in 1480 CE.[[31]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarg199242-31>) The bridge was first mentioned in the ancient Indian [Sanskrit epic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sanskrit epic") _Ramayana_ of Valmiki.[[32]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoom200616-32>) The name _Rama's Bridge_ or _[Rama Setu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Adam's Bridge")_ (Sanskrit; _setu_ : bridge) refers to the bridge built by the [Vanara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Vanara") (ape men) army of Rama in [Hindu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Hindu") mythology, which he used to reach Lanka and rescue his wife Sita from the demon king Ravana.[[32]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoom200616-32>) The _Ramayana_ attributes the building of this bridge to Rama in verse 2–22–76, naming it as Setubandhanam.[[33]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEValmiki_Ramayan2004-33>) The sea separating India and Sri Lanka is called [Sethusamudram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sethusamudram") meaning "Sea of the Bridge". Maps prepared by a Dutch cartographer in 1747 CE, available at the [Tanjore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tanjore") [Saraswathi Mahal Library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Saraswathi Mahal Library") show this area as _Ramancoil_ , a colloquial form of the Tamil _Raman Kovil_ (or Rama's Temple).[[34]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''14_September_2007-34>) Many other maps in Schwartzberg's historical atlas[[35]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwartzberg_Atlas2009-35>) and other sources such as travel texts by [Marco Polo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Marco Polo") call this area by various names such as _[Adam's Bridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Adam's Bridge")_ , _Sethubandha_ and _Sethubandha Rameswaram_.[[36]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPolo1854380-36>) ## Demographics [[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit section: Demographics")] Religious census --- Religion | Percent(%) [Hindu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Hinduism") | 87.4% [Christian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Christianity") | 8.13% [Muslim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Islam") | 4.36% [Sikh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sikhism") | 0.03% [Buddhist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Buddhism") | 0.01% Other | 0.07% Historical populationYear| Pop.| ±% ---|---|--- 1971| 16,755| — 1981| 27,928| +66.7% 1991| 32,721| +17.2% 2001| 37,968| +16.0% 2011| 44,857| +18.1% Sources: * 1971–2001:[[27]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200933-27>) * 2011:[[37]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTERameswaram_2011_census-37>) According to [2011 census](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "2011 census of India"), Rameswaram had a population of 44,856 with a sex-ratio of 969 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.[[38]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Sex_Ratio_2011-38>) A total of 5,022 were under the age of six, constituting 2,544 males and 2,478 females. [Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes") accounted for 6.8% and .03% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 73.36%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.[[38]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Sex_Ratio_2011-38>) The town had a total of 10579 households. There were a total of 16,645 workers, comprising 69 cultivators, 20 main agricultural labourers, 148 in house hold industries, 15,130 other workers, 1,278 marginal workers, 11 marginal cultivators, 26 marginal agricultural labourers, 44 marginal workers in household industries and 1,197 other marginal workers.[[37]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTERameswaram_2011_census-37>) The total number of households below poverty lane ([BPL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Below Poverty Line \(India\)")) in 2003 were 976, which is 10.45% of the total households in the town and these were raised to 3003 (29.12%) in 2007.[[27]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200933-27>) As per the religious census of 2011, Rameswaram had 87.4% [Hindus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Hindus"), 4.36% [Muslims](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Muslims"), 8.13% [Christians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Christians"), 0.03% [Sikhs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sikhs"), 0.01% [Buddhists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Buddhists"), and 0.07% following other religions.[[39]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReligious_Census2011-39>) ## Municipal Administration and politics [[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit section: Municipal Administration and politics")] [![set of houses in the streets of Rameswaram.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Rameswaram_-_street_near_temple.jpg/250px-Rameswaram_-_street_near_temple.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/)A street in Rameswaram **Municipality Officials** --- Commissioner | A. Kannan[[40]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-40>) Chairman | K.E. Naazarkhan[[41]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-41>) Vice Chairman | V. Dhatchanamoorthy[[42]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-42>) Appointment Committee Leader | D. Mugeshkumar[[43]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-43>) **Elected Members** Member of Legislative Assembly | Katharbatcha Muthuramalingam[[44]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMLA_of_Ramanathapuram2021-44>) Member of Parliament | [Kani K. Navas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kani K. Navas")[[45]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMP_of_Ramanathapuram2019-45>) According to the [Madras Presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Madras Presidency") Panchayat Act of 1885, Rameswaram was declared a [panchyat union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Revenue block") during British times. It became a township during 1958 and was declared a [municipality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Municipality") in 2004.[[27]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200933-27>) Rameswaram is a 3rd grade municipality having 21 wards, out of which 6 are general wards for women and one is reserved for [Scheduled Caste](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Scheduled Caste") women.[[46]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTERameswaram_Municipality_features2007-46>) The major sources of budgeted income for Rameswaram municipality comes from the Devolution Fund of ₹17 million (equivalent to ₹38 million or US$450,000 in 2023) and property tax of ₹2.4 million (equivalent to ₹5.4 million or US$64,000 in 2023).[[47]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTERameswaram_Municipality_budget2010-47>) The major expense heads are for salaries of ₹6 million (equivalent to ₹13 million or US$160,000 in 2023), operating expenses of ₹3.7 million (equivalent to ₹8.3 million or US$98,000 in 2023), and repair & maintenance expenditure of ₹2.3 million (equivalent to ₹5.2 million or US$61,000 in 2023).[[47]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTERameswaram_Municipality_budget2010-47>) The functions of the municipality are devolved into six departments: General, Engineering, Revenue, Public Health, Town planning and the Computer Wing.[[48]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommissionerate_of_Municipal_Administration2006-48>) All these departments are under the control of a Municipal Commissioner who is the supreme executive head.[[48]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommissionerate_of_Municipal_Administration2006-48>) The legislative powers are vested in a body of 21 members, one each from the 21 wards. The legislative body is headed by an elected Chairperson assisted by a Deputy Chairperson.[[49]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDatta19952396-49>) Rameswaram comes under the [Ramanathapuram assembly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ramanathapuram \(State Assembly Constituency\)") constituency and it elects a member to the [Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly") once every five years.[[50]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEList_of_Assembly_constituencies2010-50>) [Katharbatcha Muthuramalingam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Katharbatcha Muthuramalingam") from the [DMK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam") is serving as the MLA since 2021.[[44]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMLA_of_Ramanathapuram2021-44>) Rameswaram is a part of the [Ramanathapuram (Lok Sabha constituency)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ramanathapuram \(Lok Sabha constituency\)") – it has been realigned in 2008 to have the following assembly constituencies – [Paramakudi (SC)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Paramakudi \(SC\) \(State Assembly Constituency\)"), Ramanathapuram, [Mudukulathur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Mudukulathur \(State Assembly Constituency\)"), [Aranthangi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Aranthangi \(State Assembly Constituency\)"), [Tiruchuli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tiruchuli \(State Assembly Constituency\)") (newly created).[[51]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''4_March_2009-51>) The constituency was traditionally a stronghold of the [Indian National Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Indian National Congress") that won 6 times till the 1991 elections, after which it was won twice each by the [All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam") (AIADMK) and the [Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam") (DMK). The current Member of Parliament from the constituency is A. Anwhar Raajhaa from the AIADMK party.[[45]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMP_of_Ramanathapuram2019-45>) ## Economy [[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit section: Economy")] Being a pilgrimage town, the majority of the population is involved in tourism related industry consisting of trade and services.[[52]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200938–39-52>) Service sector increased from 70% in 1971 to 98.78% in 2001, while the agricultural sector reduced from 23% in 1971 to 0.13% in 2001.[[52]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200938–39-52>) Rameswaram is an industrially backward town – there has been no demarcation for industrial land due to the pilgrim sanctity and ecological fragile geography.[[52]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200938–39-52>) Being an island town, the traditional occupation was fishing, but due to poor returns, the people in fishing community have gradually shifted to other professions.[[52]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200938–39-52>) Banks such as [State Bank of India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "State Bank of India"), [Indian Bank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Indian Bank"), [Union Bank of India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Union Bank of India") and RDCC Bank have their branches in Rameswaram.[[53]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTERameswaram_City_Banks2011-53>) Rameshwaram has well road connectivity from [Madurai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Madurai") by National Highway NH87 passes through [Manamadurai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Manamadurai")-[Paramakudi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Paramakudi")-[Ramanathapuram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ramanathapuram") and National Highway NH536 from [Trichy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Trichy") passes through [Pudukkottai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pudukkottai")-[Karaikudi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Karaikudi")-[Ramanathapuram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ramanathapuram"). Indian government and state government are keep developing the road connectivity in this region as the number of tourists gets increased every year.[[54]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-54>) ## Transport and communication [[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit section: Transport and communication")] [![cantilever iron bridge for rails and concrete road bridge on the backwaters of Bay of Bengal.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Pamban_Road_and_Rail_Bridge.jpg/250px-Pamban_Road_and_Rail_Bridge.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/)Road and rail bridge Pamban Bridge is a [cantilever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Cantilever") bridge on the Palk Strait that connects Rameswaram to mainland India. The railway bridge is 6,776 ft (2,065 m)[[55]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''21_November_2003-55>) and was opened to traffic in 1914. The railroad bridge is a double-leaf [bascule bridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Bascule bridge") section that can be raised to let ships pass under it . The railway bridge historically carried metre-gauge trains on it, but [Indian Railways](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Indian Railways") upgraded the bridge to carry broad-gauge trains in a project that finished on 12 August 2007.[[56]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-56>) Historically, the two leaves of the bridge were opened manually using levers by workers.[[55]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''21_November_2003-55>) About 10 ships – cargo carriers, coast guard ships, fishing vessels and oil tankers pass through the bridge every month. After completion of bridge, metre-gauge lines were laid from [Mandapam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Mandapam") up to Pamban Station, from where the railway lines bifurcated into two directions, one towards Rameswaram about 6.25 miles (10.06 km) up and another branch line of 15 miles (24 km) terminating at [Dhanushkodi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Dhanushkodi"). The noted [Boat Mail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Boat Mail") ran on this track between 1915 and 1964 from [Chennai Egmore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Chennai Egmore") up to Dhanushkodi, from where the passengers were ferried to [Talaimannar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Talaimannar") in [Ceylon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ceylon"). The metre-gauge branch line from Pamban Junction to Dhanushkodi was abandoned after it was destroyed in a [cyclone in 1964](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "1964 Dhanushkodi cyclone").[[57]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''17_July_2007-57>) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Pamban_lighthouse%2C_Rameswaram.jpg/250px-Pamban_lighthouse%2C_Rameswaram.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/)Pamban lighthouse, Rameswaram There are daily express trains connecting major cities in Tamil Nadu like [Chennai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Chennai"), [Madurai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Madurai"), [Trichy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Trichy"), [Coimbatore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Coimbatore") and [Karaikudi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Karaikudi").[[58]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrain_information2012-58>) There are express and passenger trains connecting to major destinations.[[58]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrain_information2012-58>) The Ramanathapuram – Rameswaram National Highway is the main connecting link from Rameswaram to the mainland.[[59]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamanathapuram_District_tourism2004-59>) Before the 1914 train service linked the mainland with Rameswaram, boats were the only mode of transport to Rameswaram island.[[59]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamanathapuram_District_tourism2004-59>)[[60]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1882371-60>)[[61]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200923-61>) The State government intends to establish an airport, spread over 700 acres, in Ramanathapuram district, as announced by Finance minister Thangam Thennarasu in March 2025. The government picked five potential sites in July 2025, which will be narrowed down to three. The final site will be decided upon in 2026, after the [Airports Authority of India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Airports Authority of India") submits a pre-feasibility report evaluating each site. The airport will have one runway which will be capable of handling Code C aircraft.[[62]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-TH1-62>) [![ash coloured concrete structure of Rameswaram TV tower](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Rameswaram_TV_Radio_Tower.jpg/250px-Rameswaram_TV_Radio_Tower.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/)Rameswaram TV tower The Rameswaram municipality covers a total road length of 52 km (32 mi) and 20 km (12 mi) of national highway covering about 80 percent of the town.[[63]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200961-63>) The [Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation") runs daily services connecting various cities to Rameswaram and operates a computerised reservation centre in the municipal bus stand of Rameswaram.[[64]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTESETC_Computer_reservation_centres2004-64>) Rameswaram is the important port among all the ports in the district, having a ferry service to Talaimannar of Sri Lanka, though not operational throughout the year.[[61]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200923-61>) Limited foreign trade is conducted with [Jaffna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Jaffna"), Kaits, Talaimannar and [Colombo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Colombo").[[61]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200923-61>) The [Rameswaram TV Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rameswaram TV Tower") is the tallest tower in India.[[65]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Indian_Express''7_October_2011-65>) The tower is a 323 m (1,060 ft) tall circular concrete tower with a square steel mast of 45 m (148 ft) height, diameter of 24 m (79 ft) at the bottom tapering to 6.5 m (21 ft) at top.[[66]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDhir1996167-66>) The tower has been designed for a wind velocity of 160 km/h (99 mph).[[66]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDhir1996167-66>) There are two lighthouses in Rameswaram – the [Pamban lighthouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pamban lighthouse") and the [Rameswaram lighthouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rameswaram lighthouse \(page does not exist\)").[[67]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDGLL-67>) ## Education and utility services [[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit section: Education and utility services")] Ramanathapuram district has one of the lowest literacy rates in the state of Tamil Nadu and Rameswaram, following the district statistics has a lower literacy rate. There are two Government high schools, one each for boys and girls.[[68]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTERameswaram_schools2007-68>)[_[verification needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Wikipedia:Verifiability")_] There are seven other schools: Swami Vivekananda vidyalaya Matriculation School, St. Joseph Higher Secondary School, Mandapam Panchayat Union 9 – School, Micro Matriculation School, Sri Sankara Vidhyalaya, Holy Island Little Flower School and Kendriya Vidhyalaya School.[[68]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTERameswaram_schools2007-68>)[_[verification needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Wikipedia:Verifiability")_] [Alagappa University Evening College](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Alagappa University Evening College, Rameswaram") is the only college present in the town[[69]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAffiliated_colleges2012-69>) and all the nearest colleges are located in [Ramanathapuram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ramanathapuram") and [Paramakudi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Paramakudi").[[70]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamnad_district_education_profile2011-70>)[[69]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAffiliated_colleges2012-69>) Electricity supply to the town is regulated and distributed by the Ramanathapuram circle of [Tamil Nadu Electricity Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tamil Nadu Electricity Board") (TNEB).[[71]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTETNEB_region_details2011-71>) Water supply is provided by the Rameswaram Municipality – the head works is located at Nambunayaki Amman Kovil, Meyyambuli, Semmamadam & Natarajapuram and distributed through four over head tanks having a total capacity of 1430,000 litres.[[72]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTERameswaram_water_supply2007-72>) About 6 metric tonnes of solid waste are collected from the town every day in the four zones covering the whole of the town.[[73]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaste_management_programme2007-73>) Rameswaram does not have a sewerage system for disposal of sullage and the disposal system consists of septic tanks and public conveniences.[[74]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200952-74>) Roadside drains carry untreated sewage out of the town to let out raw into the sea or accumulates in low-lying area.[[74]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200952-74>) Rameswaram comes under the Karaikudi Telecom circle of the [Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited") (BSNL), India's state-owned telecom and internet services provider. Apart from telecom, BSNL also provides [broadband internet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Broadband internet") service[[75]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBSNL2011-75>) along with other major internet service provider including [Reliance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Reliance Communications").[[76]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReliance_Netconnect+_Coverage-76>) ## Tourism [[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit section: Tourism")] [![Rameswaram is located in India](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/330px-India_location_map.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rameswaram is located in India") ![Badrinath](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png) [Badrinath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Badrinath") ![Dwarka](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png) [Dwarka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Dwarka") ![Jagannath Puri](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png) [Jagannath Puri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Jagannath Puri") ![Rameswaram](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png) Rameswaram [class=notpageimage| ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "File:India location map.svg") Char Dham The town is a famous Hindu pilgrimage centre, attracting the visit of thousands of devotees everyday. Adherents assemble to receive a _[darshana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Darshan \(Hinduism\)")_ (auspicious sight) of the temple's [image](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Murti") of the deity Shiva, which is regarded to have been installed by Rama according to the [regional legend](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sthala purana") _._ ### Ramanathaswamy Temple [[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit section: Ramanathaswamy Temple")] Main article: [Ramanathaswamy Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ramanathaswamy Temple") [![granite pillars supporting the corridor in the precinct of Ramanathaswamy Temple.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Rameswaram_Temple_Inside.jpg/250px-Rameswaram_Temple_Inside.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/)Corridor of 1000 pillars The [Ramanathaswamy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ramanathaswamy Temple") Temple is the most notable historic landmark of the town. Located in the centre of town, It is a famous Hindu temple dedicated to the deity [Shiva](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Shiva"). The temple is one of the 12 _[Jyotirlinga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Jyotirlinga")_ shrines, where Shiva is worshipped in the form of a _Jyotirlinga,_ meaning "pillar of light".[[77]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChakravarti1994139-77>) It is also one of the 275 _[Paadal Petra Sthalam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Paadal Petra Sthalam")_ temples and is glorified in hymns by the three of the most revered [Nayanar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Nayanars") saints (7th century [Saivite](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Saivite") saints), [Appar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Appar"), [Sundarar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Cuntarar"), and [Tirugnana Sambandar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Campantar"). The temple in its current structure was built during the 12th century by [Pandya Dynasty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pandya Dynasty"). The temple has the longest corridor among all Hindu temples in India. The breadth of these columned corridors varies from 17 to 21 ft (5.2 to 6.4 m) with a height of 25 ft (7.6 m).[[11]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBajpai2002482–485-11>) Each pillar is sculpted in [Nayak style](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Madurai Nayak") as in [Madurai Meenakshi Amman Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Madurai Meenakshi temple").[[11]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBajpai2002482–485-11>) The contribution of the kings of the [Sethupathy dynasty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sethupathi") (17th century) to the temple was considerable.[[78]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBandopadhyay201088–89-78>)[[11]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBajpai2002482–485-11>) Large amount of money was spent during the tenure of [Pradani Muthirulappa Pillai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pradani Muthirulappa Pillai") towards the restoration of the pagodas which were falling into ruins – the Chockattan Mantapam or the cloistered precincts of the temple was reconstructed by him. The rulers of Sri Lanka contributed to the temple – [Parakrama Bahu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Parakramabahu I of Polonnaruwa") (1153–1186 CE) was involved in the construction of the sanctum sanctorum of the temple.[[78]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBandopadhyay201088–89-78>)[[11]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBajpai2002482–485-11>) The eastern tower and shrine of Nataraja were built by Dalavai Sethupathy in 1649 CE.[[11]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBajpai2002482–485-11>) The second enclosure is ascribed to Chinna Udayar Sethupathy and his son Ragunatha Thirumalai (1500–1540 CE).[[11]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBajpai2002482–485-11>) The third enclosure was constructed by Muthu Ramalinga Sethupathy (1725–1771 CE) – his statue is located in the entrance of the corridor.[[11]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBajpai2002482–485-11>) ### Temple tanks [[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit section: Temple tanks")] [![Four pillared porch with tower over the sanctum of the temple.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Rames4.jpg/250px-Rames4.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/)Kothandaramar Temple, Rameswaram There are [sixty-four](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tirthas of Rameswaram") _[Tīrthas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tirtha and Kshetra")_ or _Tirtham_ s (holy water bodies) in and around Rameswaram.[[79]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-79>) According to the _[Skanda Purana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Skanda Purana")_ , twenty-four of them are important. Of the 24, 14 are in the form of tanks and wells within the precincts of the temple.[[3]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAyyar1991492–495-3>) Bathing in these tanks is a major aspect of the pilgrimage to Rameswaram and is considered equivalent to penance. Twenty-two of the tanks are within the Ramanathaswamy Temple. The foremost one is called Agni Tirtham, the sea ([Bay of Bengal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Bay of Bengal")). [Jatayu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Jatayu"), a vulture/eagle demigod, is believed to have fought in vain with the [rakshasa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rakshasa")-king Ravana to save Sita, and is said to have fallen down at Jatayu Tirtham, as his wings were severed.[[80]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlaces_of_interest_in_Rameswaram2007-80>) Villoondi Tirtham literally translates to 'buried bow', is located around 7 km (4.3 mi) from the main temple on the way to Pamban.[[80]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlaces_of_interest_in_Rameswaram2007-80>) It is believed to be the place where Rama quenched the thirst of Sita by dipping the bow into the sea water.[[80]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlaces_of_interest_in_Rameswaram2007-80>) Other major holy bodies are Hanuman Tirtham, Sugriva Tirtham, and Lakshmana Tirtham.[[80]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlaces_of_interest_in_Rameswaram2007-80>) ### Gandhamathana Parvatham [[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit section: Gandhamathana Parvatham")] Gandhamathan Parvatham, a hillock situated 3 km (1.9 mi) to the north of the temple is the highest point in the island.[[80]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlaces_of_interest_in_Rameswaram2007-80>) In a two-storeyed hall, Rama's feet are venerated by adherents as an imprint on a _[chakra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Chakra")_ (wheel).[[80]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlaces_of_interest_in_Rameswaram2007-80>) The Ramarpatham Temple is located on the hillock.[[80]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlaces_of_interest_in_Rameswaram2007-80>) ### Dhanushkodi [[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit section: Dhanushkodi")] [Dhanushkodi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Dhanushkodi") is the southernmost tip of the island and houses the [Kothandaramaswamy Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kothandaramaswamy Temple") dedicated to Rama.[[80]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlaces_of_interest_in_Rameswaram2007-80>) Though Dhanushkodi was washed away during the [1964 cyclone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "1964 Dhanushkodi cyclone"), the temple alone remained intact. It is 18 km (11 mi) way from the centre of the town and can be reached by road. According to local tradition, Dhanushkodi is the site where [Vibhishana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Vibishana"), a brother of Ravana, surrendered to Rama in the epic _Ramayana_.[[80]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlaces_of_interest_in_Rameswaram2007-80>) ### Hindu pilgrimage [[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit section: Hindu pilgrimage")] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Agni_theerth%2C_Rameshwaram%2C_Tamilnadu%2C_India.jpg/250px-Agni_theerth%2C_Rameshwaram%2C_Tamilnadu%2C_India.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/)People taking a holy dip in Agni Tirtham, [Bay of Bengal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Bay of Bengal") Rameswaram is significant for many Hindus as a pilgrimage to Varanasi is considered to be incomplete without a pilgrimage to Rameswaram. The town along with the Ramanathaswamy temple is one of the holiest Hindu _Char Dham_ (four divine sites) sites comprising [Badrinath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Badrinath"), [Puri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Puri"), and [Dwarka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Dwarka").[[81]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChakravarti1994140-81>)[[82]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGopal1990184-82>) Though the origins are not clearly known, the [Advaita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Advaita") school of Hinduism established by [Sankaracharya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sankaracharya"), attributes the origin of Char Dham to the seer.[[83]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeltonBaumann2010540-83>) The four monasteries are located across the four corners of India and their attendant temples are [Badrinath Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Badrinath Temple") at Badrinath in the North, [Jagannath Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Jagannath Temple, Puri") at Puri in the East, [Dwarakadheesh Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Dwarkadheesh temple, Gujrat") at Dwarka in the West and Ramanathaswamy Temple at Rameswaram in the South. Though ideologically the temples are divided between the sects of Hinduism, namely [Shaivism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Saivism") and [Vaishnavism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Vaishnavism"), the Char Dham pilgrimage is an all Hindu affair.[[84]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrockman201194-96-84>) The journey across the four cardinal points in India is considered sacred by Hindus who aspire to visit these temples once in their lifetime.[[85]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGwynne2007271_section_on_Char_Dham-85>) Traditionally, the trip starts at the eastern end from Puri, proceeding in clockwise direction in a manner typically followed for circumambulation in Hindu temples.[[85]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGwynne2007271_section_on_Char_Dham-85>) The temple is one of the famous pilgrimage sites historically – the [Maratha kings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Thanjavur Maratha kingdom") who ruled [Thanjavur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Thanjavur") established _chatrams_ or rest houses all through [Mayiladuthurai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Mayiladuthurai") and Rameswaram between 1745 and 1837 CE and donated them to the temple.[[86]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThangaraj200354-86>) ## Interaction with Sri Lanka [[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit section: Interaction with Sri Lanka")] Rameswaram is frequently in the headlines over fishermen issues like attack, arrest and alleged harassment by [Sri Lankan navy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sri Lanka Navy") for alleged cross border activities, Sethusamudram canal project, Kachchatheevu, Sri Lankan Tamil refugees and also on intercountry smuggling between India and Sri Lanka.[[5]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Sunday_Observer''13_May_2012-5>) As an initial step to curb enhanced smuggling, the Tamil Nadu government has set up 30 more marine police stations to bring the state's entire coastal belt under close vigil.[[5]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Sunday_Observer''13_May_2012-5>) ### Sri Lankan Tamil refugees [[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit section: Sri Lankan Tamil refugees")] During the intense [civil war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sri Lankan civil war") of Sri Lanka, post 1980, Rameswaram acted as one of the focal points of smuggling and intense patrolling was carried out during the period.[[87]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDas200567-87>) There are a total of 65,940 registered destitute Sri Lankan refugees dwelling in 129 refugee camps situated in different parts of Tamil Nadu, as of April 2000[[update]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/), and a majority of them enter via Rameswaram.[[88]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDas200565-88>) There are an additional 20,667 non-camp refugees who entered via Rameswaram, registered in Mandapam transit camp and opted to reside outside the camps in various parts of Tamil Nadu.[[88]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDas200565-88>) On 11 March 1990, a record number of 2,337 refugees in 38 boats arrived from Talaimannar in Sri Lanka to Rameswaram – this was the largest number of refugees arriving in a single day since the ethnic violence from July 1983.[[89]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya1994172-89>) As of October 2006[[update]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/), an estimated 200,000 refugees have been reported in [Mandapam Camp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Mandapam Camp").[[90]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTERajamanickam2009175-90>) Sivarasan, one of the mastermind behind the Assassination of [Rajiv Gandhi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rajiv Gandhi"), the ex-prime minister of India registered as refugee in Rameswaram camp on 12 September 1990.[[91]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaarthikeyanRadhavinod_Raju200471-91>) ### Rameswaram fishery [[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit section: Rameswaram fishery")] [![Set of boats anchored in the shores.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Fishing_Boats_at_Rameshwaram.jpeg/250px-Fishing_Boats_at_Rameshwaram.jpeg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/)Fishing boats in Rameswaram Being an island, a significant population is involved in fishery traditionally. There have been incremental cases of Rameswaram fishermen allegedly killed or arrested by Sri Lankan navy along the maritime borders of India and Sri Lanka from the time of Sri Lankan civil war during 1983.[[92]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Times_of_India''23_February_2012-92>) In the face of simmering tension after the 1985 January Colombo bound Yaldevi train attack in which 22 Sri Lankan soldiers and 16 civilians were killed, Rameswaram fishermen dared to venture to seas spelling acute hardship for the 10,000 fishermen family.[[93]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199477-93>) An estimated 381 fishermen have been killed in the sea due to shoot outs from 1983 to 2009.[[92]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Times_of_India''23_February_2012-92>) The Sri Lankan army attributed the killings to the [Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam") (LTTE), but the casualty continues even after the end of LTTE in the region.[[92]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Times_of_India''23_February_2012-92>) The Tamil Nadu state government has increased the compensation of casualty from the original ₹ 100,000 to 500,000 (US$1,800 to $9,000).[[92]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Times_of_India''23_February_2012-92>) There has not been a single prosecution in any of the 381 killings committed so far from the Indian judiciary.[[92]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Times_of_India''23_February_2012-92>) The cases not being filed is attributed to the fact that people killed beyond the maritime boundary of India are not eligible for compensation and not many file complaints against the Sri Lankan navy.[[92]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Times_of_India''23_February_2012-92>) Though the Indian judiciary has provisions to prosecute foreigners, there is little progress due to the diplomatic overheads involved.[[92]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Times_of_India''23_February_2012-92>) Indian government has also ventured into the use of technology like use of [Global Positioning System](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Global Positioning System") (GPS) by the fishermen and enabling cellphone blips to alert their mobile phones whenever they are crossing into Sri Lankan waters. The Sri Lankan navy has confirmed reports on Indian fishermen risking the international boundary due to depleted catch in Indian waters.[[94]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''News_Line''22_February_2011-94>) There is a yearly 45-day ban on fishery with motorboats in the region.[[95]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Times_of_India''30_May_2012-95>) The fishing ban for the year 2012 was effective during the months of April–May.[[95]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Times_of_India''30_May_2012-95>)[[96]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''28_May_2012-96>) The jetty at Rameswaram is the largest landing centre for fishing boats in the region and it usually comes alive after the ban, with the arrival of fishermen, boat captains, shore workers and others from their native places.[[96]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''28_May_2012-96>) Sea World Aquarium is a natural habitat lying opposite to the Rameswaram Bus Stand, having an assortment of underwater creatures – it is the only one of its kind in the state, filled with such varied marine life forms including exotic species.[[59]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamanathapuram_District_tourism2004-59>) ### Kachchatheevu [[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit section: Kachchatheevu")] [![Rameswaram on top, Sri Lanka at the bottom.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/AdamsBridge02-NASA.jpg/250px-AdamsBridge02-NASA.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/)[NASA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "NASA") satellite photo: Rameswaram on top, Sri Lanka at the bottom of the photo Another focal point on the simmering tension between Indian and Sri Lankan governments is over the use of [Kachchatheevu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kachchatheevu"), an uninhabited island 15 km (9.3 mi) north of Rameswaram, belonging to Sri Lanka.[[97]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Times_of_India''5_March_2012-97>) The accord of 1974 allows fishermen of both the countries for resting and soaking the nets in the island.[[98]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''5_March_2012-98>) Repeated allegations on attacks by the Lankan navy, which on many occasions killed Indian fishermen, prevented them from making it to the island.[[98]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''5_March_2012-98>) The annual two-day Saint Anthony fest at the island draws huge number of people from the fishermen community of both the countries.[[98]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''5_March_2012-98>)[[98]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''5_March_2012-98>)[[99]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Asia_News''3_June_2010-99>) The number of pilgrims for the 2012 function crossed 4,000, the largest attendance in the past two decades.[[98]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''5_March_2012-98>) The feast also provides an opportunity for the Indian fishermen to meet their Sri Lankan counterparts and exchange views on their mutual problems.[[98]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''5_March_2012-98>) The event served as a meeting point to find brides and grooms from both countries, but this practice has now been stopped from the 90s due to political constraint of fishermen family living in different countries.[[98]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''5_March_2012-98>) ### Sethusamudram Canal Project [[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit section: Sethusamudram Canal Project")] [Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project") proposes linking the [Palk Bay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Palk Bay") and the [Gulf of Mannar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Gulf of Mannar") between India and Sri Lanka by creating a shipping canal through the shallow sea sometimes called [Setu Samudram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Setu Samudram"), and through the chain of islands variously known as [Ram Setu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ram sethu") or the Rama's Bridge. A few organisations are opposing the dredging of Rama Setu on religious, environmental and economical grounds. Many of these parties and organisations support implementation of this project using one of the five alternative alignments considered earlier[[100]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Nation''22_April_2007-100>) without damaging the structure considered sacred by Hindus. With 22 km (14 mi) of dredging remaining, the project is held from March 2010 by a [Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Supreme Court of India") order seeking the [Central Government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Government of India") to clarify the status of the bridge as a national monument.[[101]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''IBN_Live''30_March_2010-101>) ## Notable people [[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit section: Notable people")] * [A. P. J. Abdul Kalam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "A. P. J. Abdul Kalam") (1931–2015) – former [President of India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "President of India") (2002–2007), Ex-secretary of [Defence Research and Development Organisation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Defence Research and Development Organisation") (DRDO), Prime minister's chief scientific advisor, [Indian Space Research Organisation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Indian Space Research Organisation") (ISRO) scientist and [Bharat Ratna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Bharat Ratna") recipient.[[102]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''27_July_2015-102>) ## See also [[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit section: See also")] * [Coral reefs in India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Coral reefs in India") ## Footnotes [[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit section: Footnotes")] 1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-1>)** ["Temple Towns of India"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Archived from [the original](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) on 19 April 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2016. 2. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGibson200242_2-0>)** [Gibson 2002](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFGibson2002>), p. 42. 3. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAyyar1991492–495_3-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAyyar1991492–495_3-1>) [_**c**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAyyar1991492–495_3-2>) [_**d**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAyyar1991492–495_3-3>) [_**e**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAyyar1991492–495_3-4>) [Ayyar 1991](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFAyyar1991>), pp. 492–495. 4. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-4>)** ["Is Ram Setu, The Land Bridge Connecting India And Sri Lanka, Manmade? Science Channel Says Yes"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _Outlook India_. 13 December 2017. 5. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Sunday_Observer''13_May_2012_5-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Sunday_Observer''13_May_2012_5-1>) [_**c**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Sunday_Observer''13_May_2012_5-2>) [_Sunday Observer_ & 13 May 2012](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFSunday_Observer13_May_2012>). 6. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECaldwell188121_6-0>)** [Caldwell 1881](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFCaldwell1881>), p. 21. 7. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_SilvaBeumer1988291_7-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_SilvaBeumer1988291_7-1>) [De Silva & Beumer 1988](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFDe_SilvaBeumer1988>), p. 291. 8. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMukundan199223_8-0>)** [Mukundan 1992](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFMukundan1992>), p. 23. 9. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2009443_9-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2009443_9-1>) [Singh 2009](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFSingh2009>), p. 443. 10. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuruge199168_10-0>)** [Guruge 1991](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFGuruge1991>), p. 68. 11. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBajpai2002482–485_11-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBajpai2002482–485_11-1>) [_**c**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBajpai2002482–485_11-2>) [_**d**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBajpai2002482–485_11-3>) [_**e**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBajpai2002482–485_11-4>) [_**f**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBajpai2002482–485_11-5>) [_**g**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBajpai2002482–485_11-6>) [_**h**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBajpai2002482–485_11-7>) [Bajpai 2002](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFBajpai2002>), pp. 482–485. 12. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''3_November_2011_12-0>)** [_The Hindu_ & 3 November 2011](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFThe_Hindu3_November_2011>). 13. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOhja201717_13-0>)** [Ohja 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFOhja2017>), p. 17. 14. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodiya2001227_14-0>)** [Dodiya 2001](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFDodiya2001>), p. 227. 15. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThirunavukkarasar200418–19_15-0>)** [Thirunavukkarasar 2004](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFThirunavukkarasar2004>), pp. 18–19. 16. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETirugnanasambandar2004102–103_16-0>)** [Tirugnanasambandar 2004](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFTirugnanasambandar2004>), pp. 102–103. 17. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamanathapuram_district_history2011_17-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamanathapuram_district_history2011_17-1>) [_**c**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamanathapuram_district_history2011_17-2>) [_**d**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamanathapuram_district_history2011_17-3>) [_**e**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamanathapuram_district_history2011_17-4>) [Ramanathapuram district history 2011](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFRamanathapuram_district_history2011>). 18. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunasingam199963_18-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunasingam199963_18-1>) [_**c**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunasingam199963_18-2>) [Gunasingam 1999](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFGunasingam1999>), p. 63. 19. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMehta1986157_19-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMehta1986157_19-1>) [Mehta 1986](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFMehta1986>), p. 157. 20. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharonBosworthDozelB.1987271_20-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharonBosworthDozelB.1987271_20-1>) [Sharon et al. 1987](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFSharonBosworthDozelB.1987>), p. 271. 21. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAiyangar1991112_21-0>)** [Aiyangar 1991](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFAiyangar1991>), p. 112. 22. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-Ernst2004p109_22-0>)** Carl W. Ernst (2004). [_Eternal Garden: Mysticism, History, and Politics at a South Asian Sufi Center_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Oxford University Press. p. 109. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [978-0-19-566869-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/978-0-19-566869-8"). 23. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-23>)** Sarojini Chaturvedi (2006). [_A short history of South India_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Saṁskṛiti. p. 209. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [978-81-87374-37-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/978-81-87374-37-4"). 24. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-Eraly2015chid_24-0>)** Abraham Eraly (2015). [_The Age of Wrath: A History of the Delhi Sultanate_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Penguin Books. pp. 155–156. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [978-93-5118-658-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/978-93-5118-658-8"). 25. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichell1995116_25-0>)** [Michell 1995](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFMichell1995>), p. 116. 26. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarman199230–36_26-0>)** [Harman 1992](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFHarman1992>), pp. 30–36. 27. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200933_27-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200933_27-1>) [_**c**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200933_27-2>) [_**d**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200933_27-3>) [_**e**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200933_27-4>) [_**f**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200933_27-5>) [Directorate of Municipal Administration 2009](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration2009>), p. 33. 28. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-28>)** ["Rameswaram temple, Tamil Nadu"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _hindupost.in_. 12 April 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2025. 29. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeather_Base2006_29-0>)** [Weather Base 2006](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFWeather_Base2006>). 30. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEncyclopædia_Britannica2007_30-0>)** [Encyclopædia Britannica 2007](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2007>). 31. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarg199242_31-0>)** [Garg 1992](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFGarg1992>), p. 42. 32. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoom200616_32-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoom200616_32-1>) [Room 2006](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFRoom2006>), p. 16. 33. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEValmiki_Ramayan2004_33-0>)** [Valmiki Ramayan 2004](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFValmiki_Ramayan2004>). 34. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''14_September_2007_34-0>)** [_The Hindu_ & 14 September 2007](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFThe_Hindu14_September_2007>). 35. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchwartzberg_Atlas2009_35-0>)** [Schwartzberg Atlas 2009](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFSchwartzberg_Atlas2009>). 36. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPolo1854380_36-0>)** [Polo 1854](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFPolo1854>), p. 380. 37. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERameswaram_2011_census_37-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERameswaram_2011_census_37-1>) [Rameswaram 2011 census](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFRameswaram_2011_census>). 38. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Sex_Ratio_2011_38-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Sex_Ratio_2011_38-1>) [National Sex Ratio 2011](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFNational_Sex_Ratio_2011>). 39. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReligious_Census2011_39-0>)** [Religious Census 2011](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFReligious_Census2011>). 40. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-40>)** ["Municipal Commissioner"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _Rameswaram Municipality_. Retrieved 24 August 2023. 41. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-41>)** ["Municipal Chairman"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _Rameswaram Municipality_. Retrieved 24 August 2023. 42. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-42>)** ["Municipal Vice Chairman"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _Rameswaram Municipality_. Retrieved 24 August 2023. 43. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-43>)** ["Appointment Committee"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _Rameswaram Municipality_. Retrieved 24 August 2023. 44. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMLA_of_Ramanathapuram2021_44-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMLA_of_Ramanathapuram2021_44-1>) [MLA of Ramanathapuram 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFMLA_of_Ramanathapuram2021>). 45. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMP_of_Ramanathapuram2019_45-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMP_of_Ramanathapuram2019_45-1>) [MP of Ramanathapuram 2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFMP_of_Ramanathapuram2019>). 46. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERameswaram_Municipality_features2007_46-0>)** [Rameswaram Municipality features 2007](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFRameswaram_Municipality_features2007>). 47. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERameswaram_Municipality_budget2010_47-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERameswaram_Municipality_budget2010_47-1>) [Rameswaram Municipality budget 2010](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFRameswaram_Municipality_budget2010>). 48. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommissionerate_of_Municipal_Administration2006_48-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommissionerate_of_Municipal_Administration2006_48-1>) [Commissionerate of Municipal Administration 2006](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFCommissionerate_of_Municipal_Administration2006>). 49. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDatta19952396_49-0>)** [Datta 1995](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFDatta1995>), p. 2396. 50. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEList_of_Assembly_constituencies2010_50-0>)** [List of Assembly constituencies 2010](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFList_of_Assembly_constituencies2010>). 51. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''4_March_2009_51-0>)** [_The Hindu_ & 4 March 2009](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFThe_Hindu4_March_2009>). 52. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200938–39_52-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200938–39_52-1>) [_**c**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200938–39_52-2>) [_**d**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200938–39_52-3>) [Directorate of Municipal Administration 2009](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration2009>), pp. 38–39. 53. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERameswaram_City_Banks2011_53-0>)** [Rameswaram City Banks 2011](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFRameswaram_City_Banks2011>). 54. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-54>)** ["TN govt gives industry status to tourism sector"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _The Times of India_. 27 September 2023. 55. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''21_November_2003_55-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''21_November_2003_55-1>) [_The Hindu_ & 21 November 2003](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFThe_Hindu21_November_2003>). 56. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-56>)** ["Pamban Bridge | Ram Sethu Tours and Travels"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _www.ramsethutours.in_. Retrieved 14 March 2025. 57. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''17_July_2007_57-0>)** [_The Hindu_ & 17 July 2007](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFThe_Hindu17_July_2007>). 58. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrain_information2012_58-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrain_information2012_58-1>) [Train information 2012](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFTrain_information2012>). 59. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamanathapuram_District_tourism2004_59-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamanathapuram_District_tourism2004_59-1>) [_**c**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamanathapuram_District_tourism2004_59-2>) [Ramanathapuram District tourism 2004](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFRamanathapuram_District_tourism2004>). 60. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1882371_60-0>)** [Smith 1882](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFSmith1882>), p. 371. 61. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200923_61-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200923_61-1>) [_**c**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200923_61-2>) [Directorate of Municipal Administration 2009](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration2009>), p. 23. 62. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-TH1_62-0>)** Sekar, Sunitha (22 July 2025). ["Tamil Nadu government identifies five sites for Rameswaram airport"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _[The Hindu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "The Hindu")_. Retrieved 22 July 2025. 63. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200961_63-0>)** [Directorate of Municipal Administration 2009](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration2009>), p. 61. 64. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESETC_Computer_reservation_centres2004_64-0>)** [SETC Computer reservation centres 2004](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFSETC_Computer_reservation_centres2004>). 65. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Indian_Express''7_October_2011_65-0>)** [_The Indian Express_ & 7 October 2011](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFThe_Indian_Express7_October_2011>). 66. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDhir1996167_66-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDhir1996167_66-1>) [Dhir 1996](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFDhir1996>), p. 167. 67. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDGLL_67-0>)** [DGLL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFDGLL>). 68. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERameswaram_schools2007_68-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERameswaram_schools2007_68-1>) [Rameswaram schools 2007](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFRameswaram_schools2007>). 69. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAffiliated_colleges2012_69-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAffiliated_colleges2012_69-1>) [Affiliated colleges 2012](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFAffiliated_colleges2012>). 70. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamnad_district_education_profile2011_70-0>)** [Ramnad district education profile 2011](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFRamnad_district_education_profile2011>). 71. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETNEB_region_details2011_71-0>)** [TNEB region details 2011](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFTNEB_region_details2011>). 72. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERameswaram_water_supply2007_72-0>)** [Rameswaram water supply 2007](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFRameswaram_water_supply2007>). 73. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaste_management_programme2007_73-0>)** [Waste management programme 2007](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFWaste_management_programme2007>). 74. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200952_74-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration200952_74-1>) [Directorate of Municipal Administration 2009](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFDirectorate_of_Municipal_Administration2009>), p. 52. 75. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBSNL2011_75-0>)** [BSNL 2011](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFBSNL2011>). 76. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReliance_Netconnect+_Coverage_76-0>)** [Reliance Netconnect+ Coverage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFReliance_Netconnect+_Coverage>). 77. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChakravarti1994139_77-0>)** [Chakravarti 1994](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFChakravarti1994>), p. 139. 78. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBandopadhyay201088–89_78-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBandopadhyay201088–89_78-1>) [Bandopadhyay 2010](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFBandopadhyay2010>), pp. 88–89. 79. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-79>)** ["Rameshwaram Tirthas"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). 80. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlaces_of_interest_in_Rameswaram2007_80-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlaces_of_interest_in_Rameswaram2007_80-1>) [_**c**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlaces_of_interest_in_Rameswaram2007_80-2>) [_**d**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlaces_of_interest_in_Rameswaram2007_80-3>) [_**e**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlaces_of_interest_in_Rameswaram2007_80-4>) [_**f**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlaces_of_interest_in_Rameswaram2007_80-5>) [_**g**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlaces_of_interest_in_Rameswaram2007_80-6>) [_**h**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlaces_of_interest_in_Rameswaram2007_80-7>) [_**i**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlaces_of_interest_in_Rameswaram2007_80-8>) [Places of interest in Rameswaram 2007](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFPlaces_of_interest_in_Rameswaram2007>). 81. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChakravarti1994140_81-0>)** [Chakravarti 1994](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFChakravarti1994>), p. 140. 82. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGopal1990184_82-0>)** [Gopal 1990](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFGopal1990>), p. 184. 83. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeltonBaumann2010540_83-0>)** [Melton & Baumann 2010](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFMeltonBaumann2010>), p. 540. 84. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrockman201194-96_84-0>)** [Brockman 2011](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFBrockman2011>), p. 94-96. 85. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGwynne2007271_section_on_Char_Dham_85-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGwynne2007271_section_on_Char_Dham_85-1>) [Gwynne 2007](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFGwynne2007>), p. 271 section on Char Dham. 86. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThangaraj200354_86-0>)** [Thangaraj 2003](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFThangaraj2003>), p. 54. 87. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDas200567_87-0>)** [Das 2005](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFDas2005>), p. 67. 88. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDas200565_88-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDas200565_88-1>) [Das 2005](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFDas2005>), p. 65. 89. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya1994172_89-0>)** [Chattopadhyaya 1994](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFChattopadhyaya1994>), p. 172. 90. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERajamanickam2009175_90-0>)** [Rajamanickam 2009](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFRajamanickam2009>), p. 175. 91. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaarthikeyanRadhavinod_Raju200471_91-0>)** [Kaarthikeyan & Radhavinod Raju 2004](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFKaarthikeyanRadhavinod_Raju2004>), p. 71. 92. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Times_of_India''23_February_2012_92-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Times_of_India''23_February_2012_92-1>) [_**c**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Times_of_India''23_February_2012_92-2>) [_**d**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Times_of_India''23_February_2012_92-3>) [_**e**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Times_of_India''23_February_2012_92-4>) [_**f**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Times_of_India''23_February_2012_92-5>) [_**g**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Times_of_India''23_February_2012_92-6>) [_The Times of India_ & 23 February 2012](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFThe_Times_of_India23_February_2012>). 93. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199477_93-0>)** [Chattopadhyaya 1994](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFChattopadhyaya1994>), p. 77. 94. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''News_Line''22_February_2011_94-0>)** [_News Line_ & 22 February 2011](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFNews_Line22_February_2011>). 95. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Times_of_India''30_May_2012_95-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Times_of_India''30_May_2012_95-1>) [_The Times of India_ & 30 May 2012](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFThe_Times_of_India30_May_2012>). 96. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''28_May_2012_96-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''28_May_2012_96-1>) [_The Hindu_ & 28 May 2012](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFThe_Hindu28_May_2012>). 97. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Times_of_India''5_March_2012_97-0>)** [_The Times of India_ & 5 March 2012](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFThe_Times_of_India5_March_2012>). 98. ^ [_**a**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''5_March_2012_98-0>) [_**b**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''5_March_2012_98-1>) [_**c**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''5_March_2012_98-2>) [_**d**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''5_March_2012_98-3>) [_**e**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''5_March_2012_98-4>) [_**f**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''5_March_2012_98-5>) [_**g**_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''5_March_2012_98-6>) [_The Hindu_ & 5 March 2012](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFThe_Hindu5_March_2012>). 99. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Asia_News''3_June_2010_99-0>)** [_Asia News_ & 3 June 2010](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFAsia_News3_June_2010>). 100. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Nation''22_April_2007_100-0>)** [_The Nation_ & 22 April 2007](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFThe_Nation22_April_2007>). 101. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''IBN_Live''30_March_2010_101-0>)** [_IBN Live_ & 30 March 2010](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFIBN_Live30_March_2010>). 102. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Hindu''27_July_2015_102-0>)** [_The Hindu_ & 27 July 2015](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#CITEREFThe_Hindu27_July_2015>). ## References [[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit section: References")] * ["Complete Sethusamudram project at earliest: DMK"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _IBN Live_. 30 March 2012. Archived from [the original](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) on 30 March 2012. Retrieved 7 August 2012. * ["Versions of Ramayana"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _The Hindu_. 3 November 2011. Retrieved 7 August 2012. * ["The People's President: A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (1931-2015)"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _The Hindu_. 27 July 2015. Retrieved 12 August 2015. * ["Jayalalitha quotes literary evidence for Ramar bridge"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _[The Hindu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "The Hindu")_. 14 September 2007. Archived from [the original](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) on 23 October 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2012. * ["A tough task for candidates contesting from Ramanathapuram constituency"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _[The Hindu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "The Hindu")_. 4 March 2009. Archived from [the original](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) on 7 November 2012. Retrieved 26 June 2012. * ["Pamban Bridge to be pulled down for gauge conversion"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _The Hindu Business Line_. 21 November 2003. Retrieved 8 June 2012. * ["Their sentiment to metre gauge train is unfathomable"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _[The Hindu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "The Hindu")_. 17 July 2007. Archived from [the original](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) on 27 October 2007. Retrieved 8 June 2012. * ["India's second largest TV tower a white elephant"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _The Indian Express_. 7 October 2011. Retrieved 8 June 2012. * ["Justice plays truant with Rameswaram fishers"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _[The Times of India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "The Times of India")_. 23 February 2012. [Archived](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) from the original on 3 January 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2012. * ["T'Nadu steps up security to check smuggling"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _Sunday Observer_. 13 May 2012. [Archived](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) from the original on 19 May 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2012. * ["India plans measures to stop fishermen crossing IMBL"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _News Line_. 22 February 2011. Retrieved 25 June 2012.[_[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Wikipedia:Link rot")_] * ["Fishing ban ends, fishermen hope for a good catch"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _[The Times of India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "The Times of India")_. 30 May 2012. [Archived](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) from the original on 3 January 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2012. * ["As ban period comes to a close fishermen gear up for good haul"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _The Hindu_. 28 May 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2012. * ["Katchatheevu feast a huge draw this year"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _[The Times of India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "The Times of India")_. 5 March 2012. [Archived](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) from the original on 3 January 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2012. * ["Pilgrims return to Rameswaram"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _The Hindu_. 5 March 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2012. * ["Thousands of Tamils go on pilgrimage for the feast day of Saint Anthony"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _AsiaNews.it_. 3 June 2010. Retrieved 8 June 2012. * ["Alternative routes for Sethusamudram"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _The Nation_. 22 April 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2012. * ["Chennai Region"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). DGLL. Retrieved 16 September 2014. * ["Census Info 2011 Final population totals – Rameswaram"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014. * ["Census Info 2011 Final population totals"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014. * ["Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) (XLS). Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2011. Retrieved 13 September 2015. * ["Ramanathapuram district history"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Ramanathapuram district administration. 2011. Archived from [the original](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) on 21 June 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2012. * ["Reliance Netconnect+ Coverage"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Reliance Networks. 2012. Retrieved 26 June 2012. * ["Historical Weather for Pamban, India"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _Weather Base_. 2006. Retrieved 26 June 2012. * ["Valmiki Ramayan calls mythological bridge built by Rama as Setubandhanam"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _Valmiki Ramayan_. 2004. Retrieved 26 June 2012. * ["Adam's bridge"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _Encyclopædia Britannica_. 2007. [Archived](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 14 September 2007. * ["Schwartzberg Atlas"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _Digital South Asia Library_. uchicago.edu. 2009. Archived from [the original](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) on 4 December 2024. Retrieved 26 June 2012. * Srikrishna, L. (2 May 2021). ["DMK makes gains in south T.N."](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) _The Hindu_. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISSN \(identifier\)") [0971-751X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Retrieved 6 May 2024. * Desk, Online (25 May 2019). ["Tamil Nadu Lok Sabha results: Here are all the winners"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _The New Indian Express_. Retrieved 6 May 2024. `{{cite web[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Template:Cite web")}}`: `|last=` has generic name ([help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Help:CS1 errors")) * ["Salient Features of Rameswaram Municipality"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Rameswaram Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu. 2007. Archived from [the original](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) on 20 December 2012. Retrieved 26 June 2012. * ["Rameswaram Municipality Budget"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) (PDF). Rameswaram Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu. 2010. Retrieved 26 June 2012.[_[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Wikipedia:Link rot")_] * ["Commissionerate of Municipal Administration"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Commissionerate of Municipal Administration. 2006. Retrieved 26 June 2012. * ["List of Assembly Constituencies"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _Tamil Nadu_. Tamil Nadu state government. 2010. Retrieved 30 June 2012. * ["Rameswaram City Banks"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Rameswaram Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu. 2011. Retrieved 26 June 2012.[_[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Wikipedia:Link rot")_] * ["Train Running Information"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Indian Railways. 2012. Retrieved 26 June 2012. * ["Ramanathapuram District tourism"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Tamil Nadu district administration. 2011. Archived from [the original](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) on 27 April 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2012. * ["Ramanathapuram District tourism"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Tamil Nadu district administration. 2004. Archived from [the original](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 26 June 2012. * ["S.E.T.C. Tamil Nadu Ltd., Computer reservation centres"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation Ltd. Archived from [the original](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2012. * ["Rameswaram Schools"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Rameswaram Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu. 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2012.[_[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Wikipedia:Link rot")_] * ["State of Rural wireline broadband"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Tamil Nadu: BSNL, Tamil Nadu Circle. 2011. Archived from [the original](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) on 18 July 2013. Retrieved 26 June 2012. * ["Affiliated Colleges"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Alagappa University. 2012. Archived from [the original](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) on 22 June 2012. Retrieved 26 June 2012. * ["Water Supply Details"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Rameswaram Municipality. 2007. Archived from [the original](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) on 18 December 2012. Retrieved 26 June 2012. * ["Region Details"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Tamil Nadu Electricity Board. 2011. Retrieved 26 June 2012. * ["Waste management programme begins"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). _Rameswaram Municipality_. India. 2007. Retrieved 25 May 2011.[_[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Wikipedia:Link rot")_] * ["Places of interest in Rameswaram"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Rameswaram Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu. 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2012.[_[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Wikipedia:Link rot")_] * ["City Development Plan, Rameswaram, Final Report"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) (PDF). Directorate of Municipal Administration (DMA). 2009. Retrieved 26 June 2012.[_[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Wikipedia:Link rot")_] * Aiyangar, Krishnaswami S. (1991). [_South India and Her Muhammadan Invaders_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [81-206-0536-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/81-206-0536-5"). * Ayyar, P. V. Jagadisa (1991). [_South Indian shrines: illustrated_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [81-206-0151-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/81-206-0151-3"). * Bajpai, R.S. (2002). [_The Splendours And Dimensions of Yoga 2 Vols. Set_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [81-7156-964-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/81-7156-964-1"). * Bandopadhyay, Manohar (2010). [_Tourist destinations in India_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Delhi: Oriental Books. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [978-93-8094-400-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/978-93-8094-400-5").[_[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Wikipedia:Link rot")_] * Brockman, Norbert C. (2011). [_Encyclopedia of Sacred Places_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). California: ABC-CLIO, LLC. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [978-1-59884-655-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-655-3"). * Caldwell, Bishop R. (1881). [_History of Tinnevelly - A Political and General History from the Earliest Period to Its Cession to the English in A.D. 1801_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Asian Educational Services. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [9788120601611](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/9788120601611"). `{{cite book[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Template:Cite book")}}`: ISBN / Date incompatibility ([help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Help:CS1 errors")) * Chakravarti, Mahadev (1994). _The Concept of Rudra-Śiva Through The Ages_ (Second Revised ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [81-208-0053-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/81-208-0053-2"). * Chattopadhyaya, Haraprasad (1994). [_Ethnic Unrest in Modern Sri Lanka: An Account of Tamil-Sinhalese Race Relations_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). New Delhi: M D Publications Pvt Ltd. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [81-85880-52-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/81-85880-52-2"). * Das, Sumita (2005). [_Refugee Management: Sri Lankan Refugees in Tamil Nadu, 1983–2000_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). New Delhi: Mittal Publications. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [9788183240666](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/9788183240666"). * Datta, A. (23 September 1995). "Municipal Reform in India: Comparative Models and Processes". _Economic and Political Weekly_. **30** (38). Sameeksha Trust: 2395–2398. [JSTOR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "JSTOR \(identifier\)") [4403247](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). * De Silva, Rajpal Kumar; Beumer, Willemina G. M. (1988). [_Illustrations and Views of Dutch Ceylon, 1602–1796_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). London: Serendib Publications. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [0-9510710-1-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/0-9510710-1-7"). * Dhir, Ravindra K. (1996). [_Radical Concrete Technology: Proceedings of the International Conference_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). London: E&FN Spon. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [0-203-47662-X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/0-203-47662-X"). * Dodiya, Jaydipsinh (2001). [_Critical Perspectives on the Rāmāyaṇa_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). New Delhi: Sarup and Sons. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [81-7625-244-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/81-7625-244-1"). * Garg, Ganga Ram (1992). "Adam's Bridge". _Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World_. Vol. A–Aj. New Delhi: South Asia Books. p. 142. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [81-7022-374-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/81-7022-374-1"). * Guruge, Ananda (1991). [_The Society of the Rāmāyaṇa_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). New Delhi: Abhinav Publications. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [81-7017-265-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/81-7017-265-9"). * Gibson, Lynne (2002). [_Hinduism_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Oxford: Heinemann Educational Publications. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [0-435-336193](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/0-435-336193"). * Gunasingam, Murugar (1999). _Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism_. [Sydney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sydney"): MV. p. 238. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [0-646-38106-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/0-646-38106-7"). * Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam (ed.). _India through the ages_. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. * Gwynne, Paul (2007). [_World Religions in Practice: A Comparative Introduction_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Oxford: Blackwell Publication. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [978-1-4051-6702-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-6702-4"). * Harman, William. P (1992). [_The sacred marriage of a Hindu goddess_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 30–36. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [978-81-208-0810-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0810-2"). * Kaarthikeyan, D.R.; Radhavinod Raju, Radhavinod Raju (2004). [_Rajiv Gandhi Assassination_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). New Delhi: Sterling Paperbacks. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [9788120732650](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/9788120732650"). * Thangaraj, M. (2003). [_Tamil Nadu: an unfinished task_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). SAGE. p. 170. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [9780761997801](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/9780761997801"). * Mehta, Jaswant Lal (1986). [_Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India, Volume 1_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). New Delhi: Sterling Publishers Private Limited. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [978-81-207-0617-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/978-81-207-0617-0"). * Melton, J. Gordon; Baumann, Martin (2010). [_Religions of the World, Second Edition: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of beliefs and practises_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). ABC-CLIO. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [978-1-59884-203-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-203-6"). * Michell, George (1995). [_Architecture and Art of Southern India: Vijayanagara and the successor states, Volume 1_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Cambridge University Press. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [9780521441100](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/9780521441100"). * Mukundan, Anayath Pisharath (1992). [_Unto Siva consciousness: a brief saga of Lord Siva as the presiding deity of prosperity and national integration_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Samkaleen Prakashan. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [978-81-7083-109-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/978-81-7083-109-9"). * Ohja, S.P. (2017). [_Sri Ram Charit Manas_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). New Delhi: Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [978-81-7182-071-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/978-81-7182-071-9"). * Polo, Marco (1854). [_The Travels of Marco Polo, the Venetian: The Translation of Marsden Revised_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Concept Publishing Company. * Rajamanickam, Muniappa (2009). [_Psychological Perspective of International Terrorism_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Concept Publishing Company. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [978-81-8069-580-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/978-81-8069-580-3"). * Room, Adrian (2006). _Placenames of the World_. McFarland & Company. p. 19. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [0-7864-2248-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/0-7864-2248-3"). * Sharon, Moshe; Bosworth, C.E.; Dozel, E.Von; B., Lewis; Pellat, C.H. (1987). [_Studies in Islamic History and Civilization: In Honour of Professor David Ayalon_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). BRILL. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [9789652640147](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/9789652640147"). * Singh, Sanjay (2009). [_Yatra2Yatra_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). Yatra2Yatra. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "ISBN \(identifier\)") [978-81-908569-0-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:BookSources/978-81-908569-0-4"). * Smith, George (1882). [_The Geography of British India, Political & Physical_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/). J. Murray. p. 371. Retrieved 26 June 2012. * Tirugnanasambandar (2004). [_Muthalam Thirumurai_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) (PDF). Online: Project Madurai. * Thirunavukkarasar (2004). [_Aaram Thirumurai_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) (PDF). Online: Project Madurai. ## External links [[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit section: External links")] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Rameswaram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "commons:Category:Rameswaram"). * [Rameswaram Municipality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) * ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/20px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png) [Rameswaram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "voy:Rameswaram") travel guide from Wikivoyage Links to related articles --- | * [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Template:Hindu holy cities") * [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Template talk:Hindu holy cities") * [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu holy cities") [Hindu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Hinduism") holy cities --- [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "India")| | [Char Dham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Char Dham")| * [Badrinath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Badrinath") * [Badrinath Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Badrinath Temple") * [Dwarka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Dwarka") * [Dwarkadhish Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Dwarkadhish Temple") * [Puri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Puri") * [Jagannath Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Jagannath Temple, Puri") * Rameswaram * [Ramanathaswamy Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ramanathaswamy Temple") ---|--- [Chota Char Dham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Chota Char Dham")| * [Badrinath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Badrinath") * [Badrinath Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Badrinath Temple") * [Gangotri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Gangotri") * [Kedarnath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kedarnath") * [Kedarnath Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kedarnath Temple") * [Yamunotri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Yamunotri") * [Yamunotri Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Yamunotri Temple") [Panch Kedar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Panch Kedar")| * [Kalpeshwar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kalpeshwar") * [Kedarnath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kedarnath") * [Madhyamaheshwar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Madhyamaheshwar") * [Rudranath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rudranath") * [Tungnath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tungnath") [Pancharama Kshetras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pancharama Kshetras")| * [Amararama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Amararama") * [Draksharama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Draksharama") * [Ksheerarama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ksheerarama") * [Kumararama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kumararama") * [Somarama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Somarama") [Six Abodes of Murugan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Six Abodes of Murugan")| * [Palani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Palani") * [Pazhamudircholai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Arulmigu Solaimalai Murugan Temple, Pazhamudircholai") * [Swamimalai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Swamimalai") * [Thiruparankundram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Thiruparankundram") * [Thiruttani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Thiruttani") * [Tiruchendur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tiruchendur") [Trilinga Kshetras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Trilinga Kshetras")| * [Draksharama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Draksharama") * [Kaleshwaram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kaleshwaram") * [Srisailam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Srisailam") [Ashtavinayaka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ashtavinayaka")| * [Lenyadri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Lenyadri") * Girijatmaja * [Mahad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Mahad") * [Varadvinayaka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Varadvinayak") * Morgaon * [Mayureshwara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ganesha Temple, Morgaon") * Ozar * [Vighneswara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Vigneshwara Temple, Ozar") * [Pali](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pali, Raigad") * [Ballaleshwara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ballaleshwar Pali") * [Ranjangaon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ranjangaon") * [Mahaganapati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ranjangaon Ganpati") * [Siddhatek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Siddhatek") * [Siddhivinayaka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Siddhivinayak Temple, Siddhatek") * [Theur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Chintamani Temple, Theur") * Chintamani [Jyotirlinga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Jyotirlinga")| * [Deoghar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Deoghar") * [Vaidyanath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Baidyanath Temple") * [Dwarka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Dwarka") * [Nageshvara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Nageshvara Jyotirlinga") * [Ellora Caves](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ellora Caves") * [Grishneshwar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Grishneshwar Temple") * [Kedarnath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kedarnath") * [Kedarnath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kedarnath Temple") * [Khandwa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Khandwa district") * [Omkareshwar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Omkareshwar Temple") * [Veraval](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Veraval") * [Somnath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Somnath temple") * [Rajgurunagar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Khed taluka") * [Bhimashankar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Bhimashankar Temple") * Rameswaram * [Ramanathaswamy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ramanathaswamy Temple") * [Srisailam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Srisailam") * [Mallikājuna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Srisailam") * [Trimbak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Trimbak") * [Trimbakeshwar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple") * [Ujjain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ujjain") * [Mahakaleshwar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga") * [Varanasi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Varanasi") * [Kasi Vishvanath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kashi Vishwanath Temple") [Panchabootha Lingas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pancha Bhoota Stalam")| * [Annamalai (Fire)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Arunachalesvara Temple") * [Tiruvannamalai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tiruvannamalai") * [Chidambaram (Ether)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram") * [Chidambaram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Chidambaram") * [Ekambareswarar (Earth)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ekambareswarar Temple \(Kanchipuram\)") * [Kanchipuram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kanchipuram") * [Jambukeswarar (Water)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Jambukeswarar Temple, Thiruvanaikaval") * [Thiruvanaikaval](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Thiruvanaikaval") * [Srikalahasti (Air)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Srikalahasteeswara temple") * [Srikalahasti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Srikalahasti") [Pancha Sabhas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pancha Sabhai")| * [Art/Chithiram, Courtallam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Thirukutralam") * [Copper/Thamiram, Nellai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Nellaiappar Temple") * [Emerald/Rathinam, Thiruvalangadu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sri Vadaranyeswarar Temple") * [Gold/Pon, Thillai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram") * [Silver/Velli, Madurai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Meenakshi Temple, Madurai") [Sapta Puris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sapta Puri")| * [Avantika](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ujjain") * [Ayodhya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ayodhya") * [Dwaravati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Dwarka") * [Kanchi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kanchipuram") * [Kashi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Varanasi") * [Mathura](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Mathura") * [Maya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Haridwar") [Shakti Peeths](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Shakti Pitha")| * [Vimala Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Vimala Temple") * [Taratarini Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Taratarini Temple") * [Kamakhya Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kamakhya Temple") * [Kalighat Kali Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kalighat Kali Temple") * [Kukkuteswara Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kukkuteswara Temple") * [Koneswaram Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Koneswaram Temple") * [Kamakshi Amman Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kamakshi Amman Temple") * [Chamundeshwari Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Chamundeshwari Temple") * [Mahalakshmi Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Mahalakshmi Temple, Kolhapur") * [Biraja Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Biraja Temple") * [Alopi Devi Mandir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Alopi Devi Mandir") * [Mangla Gauri Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Mangla Gauri Temple") * [Vishalakshi Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Vishalakshi Temple") * [Others](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Shakti Pitha") [Kumbha Kshetras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kumbha Mela")| * [Haridwar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Haridwar") * [Haridwar Kumbha Mela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Haridwar Kumbh Mela") * [Nashik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Nashik")-[Trimbak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Trimbak") * [Nashik-Trimbak Kumbha Mela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Nashik-Trimbakeshwar Simhastha") * [Prayagraj](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Prayagraj") (Prayaga) * [Prayaga Kumbha Mela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Prayag Kumbh Mela") * [Ujjain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ujjain") * [Ujjain kumbha Mela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ujjain Simhastha") [Sun Temple for Chhath Puja](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Chhath")| * [Deo Sun Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Deo Surya Mandir") * [Umga Sun Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Umga Sun Temple") [Navagraha temples](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Navagraha temples in Tamil Nadu")| * [Suryanar Kovil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Suryanar Kovil") * [Kailasanathar Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kailasanthar Temple,Thingalur") * [Vaitheeswaran Koil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Vaitheeswaran Koil") * [Swetharanyeswarar Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Swetharanyeswarar Temple") * [Apatsahayesvarar Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Apatsahayesvarar Temple, Alangudi") * [Agniswarar Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Agniswarar Temple, Kanjanur") * [Tirunallar Saniswaran Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tirunallar Saniswaran Temple") * [Rahu Stalam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rahu Stalam") * [Nagannathaswamy Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Nagannathaswamy Temple, Keezhaperumpallam") **Important**| * [Amarnath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Amarnath Temple") * [Aundha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Aundha Nagnath") * [Gokarna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Mahabaleshwar Temple, Gokarna") * [Khajuraho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kandariya Mahadeva Temple") * [Kudalasangama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kudalasangama") * [Lingaraj](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Lingaraja Temple") * [Paadal Petra Sthalam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Paadal Petra Sthalam") * [Thanjavur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur") * [Tirupati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tirupati") * [Thiruvarur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Thyagaraja Temple, Tiruvarur") * [Thrissur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Vadakkunnathan Temple") * [Vaikom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Vaikom Sree Mahadeva Temple") **[Samadhis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Samadhi \(shrine\)")**| * [Alandi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Alandi") * [Belur Math](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Belur Math") * [Tulsi Ghat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tulsi Ghat") * [Meherabad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Meherabad") * [Shirdi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Shirdi") * [Gorakhpur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Gorakhpur") * Panchaganga Ghat * [Puri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Puri") * [Nagpur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Nagpur") * [Prasanthi Nilayam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Prasanthi Nilayam") Others| * [Ahobilam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ahobilam") * [Ambaji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ambaji") * [Ambalappuzha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ambalappuzha") * [Annavaram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Annavaram") * [Arunachala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Arunachala") * [Basar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Gnana Saraswati Temple, Basar") * [Bhadrachalam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sita Ramachandraswamy Temple, Bhadrachalam") * [Chidambaram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Chidambaram") * [Chitrakoot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh") * [Chottanikkara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Chottanikkara") * [Dakor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Dakor") * [Dakshineswar Kali Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Dakshineswar Kali Temple") * [Deo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Deo, Bihar") * [Dharmasthala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Dharmasthala") * [Ettumanoor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ettumanoor") * [Gaya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Gaya, India") * [Gokul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Gokul") * [Guruvayur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Guruvayur") * [Indraprastha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Delhi") * [Jageshwar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Jageshwar") * [Jajpur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Biraja Temple") * [Kalighat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kalighat") * [Kanyakumari](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kanyakumari") * [Katra Vaishno Devi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Vaishno Devi Temple") * [Khatu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Khatushyamji, Rajasthan") * [Kollur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kollur, Udupi district") * [Kumbakonam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "List of Hindu temples in Kumbakonam") * [Kurukshetra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kurukshetra") * [Madurai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Madurai") * [Mangalagiri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Mangalagiri") * [Mayapur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Mayapur") * [Nabadwip](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Nabadwip") * [Nashik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Nashik") * [Nathdwara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Nathdwara") * [Pandharpur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pandharpur") * [Prayag](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Allahabad") ([Triveni Sangam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Triveni Sangam")) * [Pushkar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pushkar") * [Pushpagiri Temple Complex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pushpagiri, Andhra Pradesh") * [Rishikesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rishikesh") * [Ryali](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ryali") * [Sabarimala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sabarimala") * [Shakti Pitha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Shakti Pitha") * [Simhachalam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha temple, Simhachalam") * [Somnath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Somnath temple") * [Sonamukhi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sonamukhi") * [Sri Kurmam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sri Kurmam") * [Sringeri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sringeri") * [Srirangam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Srirangam") * [Swaminarayan Akshardham (Gandhinagar)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Swaminarayan Akshardham \(Gandhinagar\)") * [Swaminarayan Akshardham (New Delhi)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Swaminarayan Akshardham \(New Delhi\)") * [Thrippunithura](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Thrippunithura") * [Tiruchanur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tiruchanur") * [Tirumala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tirumala") * [Tirunavaya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tirunavaya") * [Udupi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Udupi") * [Velliangiri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Velliangiri Mountains") * [Vemulawada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Raja Rajeswara Temple, Vemulawada") * [Vijayawada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kanaka Durga Temple") * [Vrindavan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Vrindavan") * [Yadagirigutta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy Temple, Yadadri") [![Aum](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/40px-Om_symbol.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Aum") **Out of India**| * [Ateshgah of Baku (Azerbaijan)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ateshgah of Baku") * [Bhadreshwaram (Vietnam)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Mỹ Sơn") * [Ganga Talao (Mauritius)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ganga Talao") * [Iraivan temple (USA)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Iraivan Temple") * [Kadhalishwaram ruins (China)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kaiyuan Temple \(Quanzhou\)") * [Mount Kailash (Tibet)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Mount Kailash") * [Sivan temple (Singapore)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sri Sivan Temple") * [Sthūlādri (Thailand)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Phanom Rung Historical Park") * [Temple in the Sea (Trinidad and Tobago)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Temple in the Sea") * [Thewasathan Bot Phram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Devasathan") ([Sao Chingcha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Giant Swing"), [Bangkok](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Bangkok")) | [Cambodia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Cambodia")| * [Angkor Wat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Angkor Wat") * [Tribhuvanamāhesvaram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Banteay Srei") ---|--- [Indonesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Indonesia")| * [Balinese temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Balinese temple") * [Besakih Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Besakih Temple") * [Candi Surawana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Surawana") * [Cangkuang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Cangkuang") * [Ceto Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ceto Temple") * [Denpasar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Denpasar") * [Dieng Plateau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Dieng Plateau") * [Gebang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Gebang") * [Gedong Songo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Gedong Songo") * [Gianyar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Gianyar Regency") * [Gunung Kawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Gunung Kawi") * [Jawi Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Jawi Temple") * [Kidal Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kidal Temple") * [Marga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Marga, Tabanan") * [Pejeng](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pejeng") * [Penataran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Penataran") * [Prambanan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Prambanan") * [Pura Luhur Ulu Watu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Uluwatu Temple") * [Pura Penataran Sasih](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pura Penataran Sasih") * [Pura Ulun Danu Batur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pura Ulun Danu Batur") * [Pura Ulun Danu Bratan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pura Ulun Danu Bratan") * [Shivagraham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Prambanan") * [Singhasari temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Singhasari temple") * [Sukuh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sukuh") * [Tanah Lot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tanah Lot") * [Tirta Empul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tirta Empul") [Nepal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Nepal")| * [Chataradham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Barahachhetra") * [Janakpurdham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Janakpur") * [Kathmandu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kathmandu") * [Pashupatinath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pashupatinath Temple") [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pakistan")| * [Hinglaj](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Hinglaj") * [Sharada Peeth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sharada Peeth") * [Multan Sun Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Multan Sun Temple") * [Katas Raj Temples](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Katas Raj Temples") * [Amb Temples](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Amb Temples") * [Kalat Kali Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kalat Kali Temple") * [Nagarparkar Temples](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Nagarparkar Temples") * [Mansehra Shiva Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Mansehra Shiva Temple") * [Lava Mandir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Lava Temple") * [Jagannath Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Jagannath Temple, Sialkot") * [Churrio Jabal Durga Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Churrio Jabal") * [Sadh Belo Island Mandir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sadh Belo") * [Kafir Kot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kafir Kot") [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sri Lanka")| | [Pancheshwarams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pancha Ishwarams")| * [Ketheeshwaram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ketheeswaram temple") * [Koneswaram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Koneswaram Temple") * [Munneshwaram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Munneswaram temple") * [Naguleshwaram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Naguleswaram temple") * [Thondeshwaram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tenavaram temple") ---|--- Others| * [Ati Konanayakar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ati Konanayakar") * [Kataragama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kataragama") * [Kokkadicholai Thaanthonreeswarar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kokkadicholai Thaanthonreeswarar Temple") * [Pathirakali Amman Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pathirakali Amman Temple") * [Thambiluvil Kannaki Amman Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Thambiluvil Kannaki Amman Temple") * [Thambiluvil Sri Sivalinga Pillayar Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Thambiluvil Sri Sivalinga Pillayar Temple") * [Thirukkovil Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Thirukkovil Temple") * [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Template:Ramanathapuram district") * [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Template talk:Ramanathapuram district") * [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:EditPage/Template:Ramanathapuram district") [Ramanathapuram district](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ramanathapuram district") --- Taluks| * [Kadaladi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kadaladi") * [Kamuthi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kamuthi") * [Mudukulathur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Mudukulathur") * [Paramakudi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Paramakudi") * [Ramanathapuram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ramanathapuram") * Rameswaram * [Tiruvadanai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tiruvadanai taluk") [Revenue blocks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Revenue block")| * [Bogalur block](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Bogalur block") * [Kamudi block](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kamudi block") * [Kadaladi block](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kadaladi block") * [Mandapam block](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Mandapam block") * [Mudukulathur block](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Mudukulathur block") * [Nainarkoil block](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Nainarkoil block") * [Paramakudi block](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Paramakudi block") * [Rajasingamangalam block](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rajasingamangalam block") * [Ramanathapuram block](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ramanathapuram block") * [Tiruppullani block](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tiruppullani block") * [Tiruvadanai block](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tiruvadanai block") [Revenue divisions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Revenue division")| * [Paramakudi division](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Paramakudi division") * [Ramanathapuram division](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ramanathapuram division") Cities andtowns| * [Abiramam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Abiramam") * [Kadaladi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kadaladi") * [Kamuthi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kamuthi") * [Karkathakudi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Karkathakudi") * [Kilakarai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kilakarai") * [Kuruvadi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kuruvadi") * [Mudukulathur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Mudukulathur") * [Paramakudi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Paramakudi") * [R.S.Mangalam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "R.S.Mangalam") * [Ramanathapuram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ramanathapuram") (district headquarters) * Rameswaram * [Sayalgudi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sayalgudi") * [Thondi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Thondi") Villages| * [Appanur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Appanur") * [Agathariruppu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Agathariruppu") * [Alagankulam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Alagankulam") * [Anjukottai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Anjukottai") * [Athiyuthu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Athiyuthu") * [Devipattinam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Devipattinam") * [Erwadi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Erwadi") * [Ilanthaikoottam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ilanthaikoottam") * [Kalayur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kalayur") * [Kaliyani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kaliyani") * [Kattiyanenthal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kattiyanenthal") * [Kattupalli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kattupalli \(Ervadi\)") * [Kolundurai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kolundurai") * [Manjur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Manjur, India") * [Maraikayarpattinam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Maraikayarpattinam") * [Meesal Kilavaneri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Meesal Kilavaneri") * [Melasirupothu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Melasirupothu") * [Muthuvijayapuram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Muthuvijayapuram") * [Natham Kilakarai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Natham Kilakarai") * [Orur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Orur") * [Oriyur Pudhuvayal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Oriyur Pudhuvayal") * [Parukkaikudi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Parukkaikudi") * [Periyapattinam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Periyapattinam") * [Perungarai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Perungarai") * [Pillaimadam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pillaimadam") * [Pirappan Valasai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pirappan Valasai") * [Pudumadam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pudumadam") * [Sellur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sellur \(Mudukulathur\)") * [Sirumalaikottai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sirumalaikottai") * [Sundaramudayan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sundaramudayan") * [Thachu oorani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Thachu oorani") * [Thangachimadam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Thangachimadam") * [Theriruveli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Theriruveli") * [Thiruppalaikudi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Thiruppalaikudi") * [Valayapookulam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Valayapookulam") * [Valinokkam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Valinokkam") * [Vedalai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Vedalai") * [Veeravanoor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Veeravanoor") * [Velliahpuram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Velliahpuram") * [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Template:Municipalities of Tamil Nadu") * [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Template talk:Municipalities of Tamil Nadu") * [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities of Tamil Nadu") Corporations and Municipalities of [Tamil Nadu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tamil Nadu") --- [Corporations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "List of municipal corporations in Tamil Nadu")| * [Avadi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Avadi Municipal Corporation") * [Chennai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Greater Chennai Corporation") * [Coimbatore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Coimbatore Municipal Corporation") * [Cuddalore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Cuddalore Municipal corporation") * [Dindigul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Dindigul Municipal Corporation") * [Erode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Erode Municipal Corporation") * [Hosur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Hosur Municipal Corporation") * [Kancheepuram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kancheepuram Municipal Corporation") * [Karaikudi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Karaikudi Municipal Corporation") * [Karur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Karur Municipal corporation") * [Kumbakonam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kumbakonam Municipal Corporation") * [Madurai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Madurai Municipal Corporation") * [Nagercoil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Nagercoil Municipal Corporation") * [Namakkal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Namakkal Municipal Corporation") * [Pudukkottai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pudukottai Municipal Corporation") * [Salem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Salem Municipal Corporation") * [Sivakasi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sivakasi Municipal corporation") * [Tambaram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tambaram Municipal Corporation") * [Thanjavur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Thanjavur Municipal Corporation") * [Thoothukkudi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Thoothukkudi City Municipal Corporation") * [Tiruchirappalli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tiruchirappalli Municipal Corporation") * [Tirunelveli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tirunelveli Municipal Corporation") * [Tiruppur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tiruppur Municipal Corporation") * [Tiruvannamalai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tiruvannamalai Municipal Corporation") * [Vellore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Vellore Municipal Corporation") [Municipalities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "List of urban Local bodies in Tamil Nadu")| | Special grade| * [Dharmapuri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Dharmapuri") * [Kodaikanal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kodaikanal") * [Kovilpatti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kovilpatti") * [Krishnagiri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Krishnagiri") * [Maraimalai Nagar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Maraimalai Nagar") * [Mayiladuthurai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Mayiladuthurai") * [Palani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Palani") * [Pollachi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pollachi") * [Rajapalayam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rajapalayam") * [Ramanathapuram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ramanathapuram") * [Theni Allinagaram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Theni Allinagaram") * [Tiruchengode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tiruchengode") * [Udagamandalam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Udagamandalam") * [Udumalaipettai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Udumalaipettai") * [Viluppuram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Viluppuram") ---|--- Selection grade| * [Ambur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ambur") * [Attur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Attur, Salem") * [Bodinayakkanur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Bodinayakkanur") * [Chidambaram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Chidambaram") * [Coonoor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Coonoor") * [Dharapuram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Dharapuram") * [Gobichettipalayam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Gobichettipalayam") * [Kallakurichi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kallakurichi") * [Mannargudi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Mannargudi") * [Mettupalayam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Mettupalayam, Coimbatore") * [Mettur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Mettur") * [Nagapattinam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Nagapattinam") * [Nandivaram-Guduvancheri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Nandivaram-Guduvancheri") * [Palladam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Palladam") * [Pattukkottai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pattukkottai") * [Perambalur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Perambalur") * Rameswaram * [Ranipet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ranipet") * [Tenkasi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tenkasi") * [Thiruvarur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Thiruvarur") * [Thuraiyur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Thuraiyur") * [Tindivanam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tindivanam") * [Tirupattur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tirupattur") * [Valparai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Valparai") * [Vaniyambadi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Vaniyambadi") * [Virudhunagar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Virudhunagar") First grade| * [Ambasamudram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ambasamudram") * [Arakkonam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Arakkonam") * [Arani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Aarani, Thiruvannamalai") * [Aranthangi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Aranthangi") * [Arcot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Arcot, Tamil Nadu") * [Ariyalur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ariyalur") * [Aruppukkottai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Aruppukkottai") * [Chengalpattu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Chengalpattu") * [Colachel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Colachel") * [Cumbum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Cumbum, Tamil Nadu") * [Devakottai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Devakottai") * [Edappadi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edappadi") * [Gudiyatham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Gudiyatham") * [Jayankondam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Jayankondam") * [Kangeyam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kangeyam") * [Kadayanallur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kadayanallur") * [Komarapalayam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Komarapalayam") * [Kundrathur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kundrathur") * [Manapparai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Manapparai") * [Mangadu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Mangadu") * [Panruti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Panruti") * [Paramakudi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Paramakudi") * [Rasipuram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Rasipuram") * [Sankarankovil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sankarankovil") * [Sathyamangalam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sathyamangalam") * [Sivaganga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sivaganga") * [Srivilliputhur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Srivilliputhur") * [Tirumangalam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tirumangalam, Madurai") * [Thirumuruganpoondi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Thirumuruganpoondi") * [Tiruvallur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tiruvallur") * [Tiruttani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tiruttani") * [Vedaranyam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Vedaranyam") * [Vellakoil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Vellakoil") * [Virudhachalam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Virudhachalam") Second grade| * [Adirampattinam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Adirampattinam") * [Bhavani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Bhavani, Tamil Nadu") * [Cheyyar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Cheyyar") * [Chinnamanur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Chinnamanur") * [Edaganasalai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edaganasalai") * [Gudalur (Coimbatore)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Gudalur \(Coimbatore district\)") * [Gudalur (Nilgiris)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Gudalur, Nilgiris") * [Gudalur (Theni)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Gudalur, Theni") * [Harur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Harur") * [Jolarpettai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Jolarpettai") * [Kalakkad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kalakkad") * [Karamadai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Karamadai") * [Karumathampatti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Karumathampatti") * [Kayalpatnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kayalpatnam") * [Kilakarai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kilakarai") * [Kollankodu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kollankodu") * [Koothanallur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Koothanallur") * [Kottakuppam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kottakuppam") * [Kulithalai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kulithalai") * [Kuzhithurai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Kuzhithura, Kanyakumari") * [Lalgudi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Lalgudi") * [Maduranthakam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Maduranthakam") * [Manamadurai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Manamadurai") * [Melur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Melur") * [Melvisharam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Melvisharam") * [Musiri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Musiri") * [Narasingapuram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Narasingapuram, Salem") * [Nellikuppam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Nellikuppam") * [Nelliyalam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Nelliyalam") * [Oddanchatram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Oddanchatram") * [Padmanabhapuram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Padmanabhapuram") * [Pallapatti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pallapatti, Karur") * [Pallipalayam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pallipalayam") * [Periyakulam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Periyakulam") * [Pernambut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pernambut") * [Ponneri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ponneri") * [Pugalur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Pugalur") * [Puliyankudi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Puliyankudi") * [Punjai Puliampatti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Punjai Puliampatti") * [Sattur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sattur") * [Sengottai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sengottai") * [Sholinghur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sholinghur") * [Sirkazhi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Sirkazhi") * [Surandai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Surandai") * [Tharamangalam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tharamangalam") * [Thiruthuraipoondi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Thiruthuraipoondi") * [Thuvakudi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Thuvakudi") * [Tiruchendur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tiruchendur") * [Tirukoilur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tirukoilur") * [Tittakudi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Tittakudi") * [Ulundurpettai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Ulundurpettai") * [Usilampatti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Usilampatti") * [Vadalur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Vadalur") * [Vandavasi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Vandavasi") * [Vikramasingapuram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Vikramasingapuram") * [Walajapet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Walajapet") [Authority control databases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Help:Authority control") [![Edit this at Wikidata](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Edit this at Wikidata") --- International| * [VIAF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) * [GND](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) National| * [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) * [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) Retrieved from "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rameswaram&oldid=1312933586](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/)" [Categories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Help:Category"): * [Hindu holy cities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Hindu holy cities") * [Hindu pilgrimage sites in India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites in India") * [Palk Strait](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Palk Strait") * [Gulf of Mannar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Gulf of Mannar") * [Cities and towns in Ramanathapuram district](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Cities and towns in Ramanathapuram district") * [Places in the Ramayana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Places in the Ramayana") * [Rameswaram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Rameswaram") * [Ancient Indian cities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Ancient Indian cities") Hidden categories: * [Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas") * [Articles with short description](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Articles with short description") * [Short description is different from Wikidata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Short description is different from Wikidata") * [Good articles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Good articles") * [Use dmy dates from February 2014](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Use dmy dates from February 2014") * [Use Indian English from May 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Use Indian English from May 2024") * [All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English") * [Pages using infobox settlement with possible nickname list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Pages using infobox settlement with possible nickname list") * [Coordinates on Wikidata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Coordinates on Wikidata") * [Pages with Tamil IPA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Pages with Tamil IPA") * [Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from September 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from September 2025") * [All articles with unsourced statements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:All articles with unsourced statements") * [Articles with unsourced statements from March 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2025") * [Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023") * [Articles with unsourced statements from May 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2024") * [All pages needing factual verification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:All pages needing factual verification") * [Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from February 2023](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from February 2023") * [Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2000") * [All articles containing potentially dated statements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements") * [Articles containing potentially dated statements from October 2006](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from October 2006") * [All articles with dead external links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:All articles with dead external links") * [Articles with dead external links from August 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Articles with dead external links from August 2025") * [Articles with permanently dead external links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Articles with permanently dead external links") * [CS1 errors: generic name](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:CS1 errors: generic name") * [Articles with dead external links from April 2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Articles with dead external links from April 2018") * [Articles with dead external links from January 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Articles with dead external links from January 2024") * [CS1 errors: ISBN date](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:CS1 errors: ISBN date") * [Commons category link from Wikidata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Category:Commons category link from Wikidata") * This page was last edited on 23 September 2025, at 11:56 (UTC). * Text is available under the [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License"); additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the [Terms of Use](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use") and [Privacy Policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy"). Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the [Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/), a non-profit organization. * [Privacy policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) * [About Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) * [Disclaimers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) * [Contact Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) * [Code of Conduct](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) * [Developers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) * [Statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) * [Cookie statement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) * [Mobile view](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) * [![Wikimedia Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) * [![Powered by MediaWiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/) Search Search Toggle the table of contents Rameswaram [ ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#>) [ ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#>) [ ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#>) [ ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#>) [ ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#>) [ ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#>) [ ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#>) [ ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#>) 48 languages [ Add topic ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<#>) *[Pop.]: Population *[±%]: Percent change *[v]: View this template *[t]: Discuss this template *[e]: Edit this template